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Things which make a Fast void
There are nine acts which invalidate fast:
1.
Eating
and drinking
2.
Sexual
intercourse
3.
Masturbation (Istimna) which means self abuse,
resulting in ejaculation
4.
Ascribing
false things to Almighty Allah, or his Prophet or to the successors of the
Holy Prophet
5.
Swallowing thick dust
6.
Immersing
one''s complete head in water
7.
Remaining
in Janabat or Haidh or Nifas till the Adhan for Fajr prayers
8.
Enema
with liquids
9.
Vomiting
Important
Questions
&
Answers
1.
Question: Is
smoking permissible during Ramadhan
fast?
Answer:
It is not permissible as an obligatory
precaution.
2.
Question: What is your ruling on washing
the teeth with
brush and toothpaste?
Answer:
Washing
the teeth with brush and toothpaste does not invalidate the fast as long
as the person does not swallow the saliva that has mixed with the
toothpaste. However, the lingering flavor or taste of the paste that mixes
with the saliva does not affect the fasting.
3.
Question: Does
phlegm, which is developed in the throat,
invalidate fast?
Answer:
It is preferable for the fasting
person not to swallow phlegm that has reached the mouth, although it is
permissible for him to swallow it. Similarly, it is permissible for him to
swallow the saliva that has gathered in the mouth, even in large
quantities.
4.
Question: In
some cities,
the sun does not rise at all for
days or
does not set at all for days or
even more. How should we pray and fast?
Answer:
As for salat, one should, as a matter of
obligatory precaution, observe the closest place that has night and day in
a twenty-four hour period, then say salat according to its timings
with the intention of mutlaqa [i.e., just qurbatan ilal lah
without specifying whether it is ada (on time) or qadha
(after time)].
As for fasting, it is obligatory upon you to move
during the month of Ramadhan to another city where you can observe fasting
of this holy month, or move to that city after that month to perform it
qadha.
5.
Question: Would use of a
nozzle spray that facilitates breathing
invalidate the fast?
Answer:
If the spray that comes out of the nozzle enters
the respiratory tract and not the passage of food and drink, it does not
invalidate fast.
6.
Question:
Does the
nutrition given, intravenously
invalidate fast irrespective of whether or not it was absolutely necessary
for the patient?
Answer:
In both the cases, it does not invalidate the
fasting.
7.
Question:
Does
masturbating during daytime of
Ramadhan invalidate the fast, regardless of whether or not it leads to
ejaculation? What is the penalty that should be incurred by one who does
so? What is the ruling for a woman who engages in masturbation during
daytime of Ramadhan, irrespective of whether or not it leads to
discharge?
Answer:
If a person masturbates with the intention of
ejaculating and actually ejaculates, his fast is rendered invalid and he
must make it up by way of qadha as well as pay the penalty
(kaffara) which is fasting for two successive months or feeding
sixty poor people. If he masturbates with the intention of ejaculating but
does not ejaculate, he must complete the fast with the intention of
pleasing the Almighty and then do it qadha.
If he masturbates without the intention of
ejaculating and he does not normally ejaculate, knowing that discharge is
probable and it actually happens he has to do qadha without the
penalty. However, if such a person was confident that no discharge would
take place and it actually happens no qadha is required. In all
these cases, there is no difference between a man and a
woman.
8.
Question: I have
converted to Shia religion Al-hamdu Lillah and
I am living with my Sunni parents who do not know about my new
faith. I have been staying away and avoiding breaking my fast with
them because I know that Sunnis break their fast some minutes earlier than
Shiites. My question is, what if on some occasions I cannot avoid
being out of my house? Can I break my fast with my parents?
Answer:
You cannot break your fast unless you are
sure that it is the right time to break your fast. If you are unsure, you
must wait until you are certain.
9.
Question: A
believer fasts but does not know that intentionally getting into
state of janabat invalidates fastingwhat
should he do [when he finds out]?
Answer: It is
obligatory on him to make up those fasts; however, there is no penalty on
him as long as he was [erroneously] convinced that being in a state of
janabat does not invalidate fast or was unaware of that
ruling.
10.
Question: If the
new moon is
sighted in the East, does it apply to us also in the West? And if it is
sighted in America, does it apply to Europe also?
Answer:
If the new moon is sighted in the East, it also
applies to the West as long as the latitude of the two locations are not
greatly further away from one another. If the new moon is sighted in the
West, it does not apply to the East unless it is proveneven by the moon
staying on the first [Western] horizon for the length of time that is
longer than the difference between the sunset of the two locations. [For
example, if the sunset in the Eastern city was half an hour before the
Western city where the moon was sighted, and the moon stays on the horizon
longer than half an hour the Eastern city can follow the moon sighted in
the Western city.]
11.
Question:
I did not know whether it will
be the
start of Ramadhan, and I intend to
fast tomorrow. How would this day be treated?
Answer:
You make your niyyah as though this day was of
Sha''ban. If, however, during the day it was announced that it was
the
first day of Ramadhan, you rectify the
niyyah and your fast shall be in order; i.e. there shall be no need for
you to fast instead.
12.
Question: Should someone fear that
fasting may harm them, what should they
do?
Answer:
He who fears for himself of falling ill as
a result of fasting is not required to fast. Nor is he who believes
that fasting would worsen his poor state of health in any way, be it
hampering his recovery or increasing his pain. This should, however,
be commensurate with what is generally accepted in these
circumstances.
13.
Question:
I am ill now and I cannot
fast. What should I do, if my
illness
continues
until the next Ramadhan. How should I go about it?
Answer:
You won''t be required
to do qadha, if your illness continues until the next Ramadhan. Instead,
fidya (redemption from certain religious obligations by a material
donation or ritual act), becomes due. In this case, you should give to the
poor by way of sadaqah 750 gm of food for each day that you
missed.
14.
Question:
If
smoke or dust
goes into a person''s throat beyond
his control, will it invalidate his fast?
Answer:
It wouldn''t invalidate his
fast.
15.
Question
: I was asleep during the day,
and dreamed having a sexual intercourse precipitating
ejaculation
. What
should I do?
Answer:
The emission of semen in this case
should not render the fast invalid. It should be in order, even without
performing ghusl.
16.
Question
: Can I
dip my head
in water
, taking precautions, in the
process, not to let water find its way to my stomach?
Answer:
Yes, you can do that, albeit it is
absolutely makrooh (abominable).
17.
Question:
While observing fast, can I
rinse my
mouth
with water
without swallowing it?
Answer
: Yes, you can do that. If, however,
the intention of rinsing was to seek cooling off and the water found its
way to your stomach, you should make up for that day (qadha). Yet, if you
swallowed the water unknowingly, you don''t have to do qadha.
18.
Question:
What is your fatwa about a person who sets out for a
journey after Zawal (mid-day)?
Answer:
If he sets out for a journey after zawaal, [he
should continue with his fast]. Should he set out before dawn, he
should not fast.
19.
Question:
Would the
sighting of the new moon in
cities in the East like Iran, Ahsa, Qataf [both in Arabia], other
countries in the Gulf, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon necessarily be followed by
its sighting in Western countries like England, France and Germany if
there were no barriers like clouds and fog?
Answer:
Yes, the sighting of the new moon in an area
would necessarily be followed provided there were no barriers in places
which are located to its west as long as they are not far apart on the
latitude lines.
20.
Question: If
the answer to the previous question is positive, would the occurrence of
the
sighting of the new moon in the view
of some religious scholars in Eastern countries be a sufficient evidence
for one who is residing in Western countries even though the sighting of
the new moon did not occur in those places for lack of clear
skies?
Answer:
It will not be a sufficient evidence for him or
for others. However, if the occurrence of the sighting from the view point
of those religious scholars attracts trustworthiness in that person that
the moon was actually sighted or proof was established about the sighting
without any counter proof even in the form of a ruling that person can
act on what he believes is true.
21.
Question:
During certain months, it is declared that the
sighting has been proven according to some
religious scholars in some Eastern countries. This is based on the
testimony of those who have
sighted the new
moon. Such declarations are usually coupled with the following
facts:
a.
The
witnesses who sighted the moon and who number around thirty, for example,
are scattered in various cities such as 2 in Isfahan, 3 in Qum, 2 in Yazd,
4 in Kuwait, 5 in Bahrain, 2 in Ahsa, and 6 in Syria,
etc.
b.
The sky
was clear in a number of cities in the West, and the believers went out in
the attempt to sight the moon; and there was nothing preventing the
sighting.
c.
The
observatories in England announced that it was impossible to sight the new
moon that evening in England except by using a telescope; and that its
sighting with the naked eye would be possible only in the following night.
So, what is the ruling in such a case? Please guide us, may Allah reward
you.
Answer: The criterion is the satisfaction of
the individual himself [1] about the actual sighting [of the new moon] or
[2] the proof of sighting without any counter claim.
In
the case mentioned above, satisfaction is not normally achieved concerning
the appearance of the new moon on the horizon in such a way that it could
have been sighted by the naked eye. On the contrary, one is satisfied that
it was not sighted and that the testimony [of sightings in the Eastern
cities] is based on illusion and error in sight. And Allah knows the
best.
22.
Question:
How much is the
Zakatul Fitr
and who should I give it
to?
Answer:
The amount of zakatul fitr, per
head, is three kg. of wheat, barley, dates, raisins, other foodstuffs, or
their value in money. It has to be set aside on the eve of Eid, or on the
day of Eid [before prayer, for those who performed it], and up to zawaal
for those who did not say the Eid prayer. This should be paid to the poor
and the needy, who are eligible to receive income support from monetary
tax (zakatul maal). (See Dialogue on Zakat).
It is to be noted, however, that the
zakat of those who are not of a Hashimite descent is not halal for the
Hashimites.
Zakatul Fitra should not be given to
one''s dependants, such as father, mother, wife, and
offspring.
