Table B.8. I/O Redirectors |
| Redirector | Function |
| cmd1 | cmd2 | Pipe; take standard output of cmd1 as standard input to cmd2 |
| > file | Direct standard output to file |
| < file | Take standard input from file |
| >> file | Direct standard output to file; append to file if it already exists |
| >| file | Force standard output to file even if noclobber is set |
| n>| file | Force output to file from file descriptor n |
| | even if noclobber set |
| <> file | Use file as both standard input and standard output |
| n<> file | Use file as both input and output for file descriptor n |
| << label | Here-document |
| n> file | Direct file descriptor n to file |
| n< file | Take file descriptor n from file |
| >> file | Direct file descriptor n to file; append to file if it already exists |
| n>& ; | Duplicate standard output to file descriptor n |
| n<& ; | Duplicate standard input from file descriptor n |
| n>&m | File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the output file descriptor |
| n<&m | File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the input file descriptor |
| &>file | Directs standard output and standard error to file |
| <&- | Close the standard input |
| >&- | Close the standard output |
| n>&- | Close the output from file descriptor n |
| n<&- | Close the input from file descriptor n |
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