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2.1. Networking Interfaces
To hide the diversity of equipment that
may be used in a networking environment, TCP/IP defines an abstract
interface through which the hardware is
accessed. This interface offers a set of operations that is the same
for all types of hardware and basically deals with sending and
receiving packets.
For each peripheral networking device, a
corresponding interface has to be present in the kernel. For example,
Ethernet interfaces in Linux are called by such names as
eth0 and eth1; PPP
(discussed in Chapter 6) interfaces are named
ppp0 and ppp1; and FDDI
interfaces are given names such as fddi0 and
fddi1. These interface names are used for
configuration purposes when you want to specify a particular physical
device in a configuration command, and they have no meaning beyond
this use.Before being used by TCP/IP networking, an
interface must be assigned an IP address that serves as its
identification when communicating with the rest of the world. This
address is different from the interface name mentioned previously; if
you compare an interface to a door, the address is like the nameplate
pinned on it.
Other device parameters may be set, such
as the maximum size of datagrams that can be processed by a
particular piece of hardware, which is referred to as
Maximum Transfer
Unit (MTU). Other attributes will be introduced
later. Fortunately, most attributes have sensible defaults.
