dot.NET.Framework.Essentials.1002003,.3Ed [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

1.1 Behind Microsoft .NET

While the main strategy of .NET is to enable software as a service,
.NET is much more than that. In addition to embracing the Web,
Microsoft .NET acknowledges and responds to the following trends
within the software industry:

Distributed computing

Simplifies the development of robust
client/server and multi-tier (n-tier)
applications. Traditional distributed technologies require high
vendor-affinity and are unable to interoperate with the Web.
Microsoft .NET provides remoting and web services architectures that
exploit open Internet standards, including the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Simple Object
Access Protocol (SOAP) and WSOL.

Componentization

Simplifies
the
integration of software components developed by different vendors and
supports development of distributed applications. The
Component Object Model (COM)
has brought reality to software plug-and-play, but COM component
development and deployment are too complex. Microsoft .NET provides a
simpler way to build and deploy components.

Enterprise services

Allow the development of scalable enterprise
applications without writing code to manage transactions, security,
or pooling. Microsoft .NET continues to support COM and component
services, since these services greatly reduce the development time
and effort required to build large-scale applications.

Web paradigm shifts

Over the past decade, web application
development has shifted from connectivity (TCP/IP), to presentation
(HTML), to programmability (XML and SOAP). A key goal of Microsoft
.NET is to enable the sharing of functionality across the Web among
different platforms, devices, and programming languages.

Maturity of IT industry

Lessons that the software industry has learned from
developing large-scale enterprise and web applications. A commercial
web application must support interoperability, scalability,
availability, security, and manageability. Microsoft .NET facilitates
all these goals.

Although these are the sources of many ideas embodied by Microsoft
.NET, what's most notable about the platform is its
use of open Internet standards (HTTP, XML, and SOAP) at its core to
transmit information from one machine to another across the Internet.
In fact, .NET provides bidirectional mapping between XML and objects.
For example, a class can be expressed as an XML Schema Definition (XSD); an
object can be converted to and from an XML buffer; a method can be
specified using an XML format called
Web Services Description Language
(WSDL); and a method call can be expressed using an XML format called
SOAP.