Digital Photography Hacks [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Hack 37 Night Landscapes and the Moon

The moon is a beautiful but often elusive
element for nighttime landscapes. If your previous attempts have
resulted in sheer lunacy, take a look at these helpful
tips.

Nothing perks up an evening
landscape like a rising moon hanging above the horizon. You walk out
of the office to go home. It's dusk and
there's still color in the sky. Then, like magic,
the moon appears from behind the clouds. You feel like you can reach
out and touch it, just like that. These are the small moments that
often stay with us.

Trying to photograph that is another matter. The moon hanging just
above the horizon looked so big. But it seems to shrink in size the
minute you point a camera lens at it. What was once a compelling
evening moonscape photographs as a bunch of clouds with an
overexposed dot of light among them.

Don't despair. By making a few adjustments to how
you take the shots and applying a little photographic wizardry, you
can bring the moon back to its rightful splendor. But to do so you
have to overcome a few common obstacles.

3.10.1 Obstacle 1: The Moon Is Brighter Than Everything Else

If you wait until the sky is completely dark and the moon is high
above the horizon, chances are the moon is brighter than everything
else in the scene. The trick here is to catch the moon when
it's low and to include other bright things in the
composition, as shown in Figure 3-15. When the moon
is lower, it shines through more atmosphere than when it is high in
the sky. The atmosphere serves as a neutral density filter of sorts
and reduces the moon's luminosity.

Figure 3-15. Moon with Christmas lights

However, if everything else in the frame is dark, then your camera
will expose for the dominating dark elements and thereby overexpose
the moon, rendering it as a fuzzy dot of light. Look for adjacent
elements to lighten up the scene, such as brightly lit buildings
(their lights often go on at dusk, before darkness sets in),
illuminated clouds from the setting sun, or any other radiant
element.

You could battle the exposure problem by using your
camera's built-in spot meter to determine the
exposure (using a healthy dose of exposure compensation, such as -2),
but then you just have a properly exposed dot in the sky. Try to find
a visually appealing supporting cast and catch the moon when
it's close to the horizon.

3.10.2 Obstacle 2: The Shrinking Moon

How could something appear so big to your eyes and so small in the
camera lens? When I took Figure 3-16, the moon
looked a lot bigger than it turned out in the photo. Most camera
lenses at landscape focal lengths (normal to
wide angle) exaggerate distances and work against you for this type
of shot. So, you have to compensate optically to make things look
more natural.

Figure 3-16. Minuscule moon

If you have a digital SLR, pull out a 200mm or 300mm telephoto lens
and compose the scene. You'll see that the moon
looks a little more in proportion with the landscape. Telephoto
lenses compress visual elements and are helpful
for this type of shooting.

But don't despair (too much) if you only have a
point-and-shoot camera on hand. Just extend the lens to the telephoto
position and use your camera's highest resolution
(e.g., if it's a 4 megapixel camera, shoot at 4
megapixels). You can crop the photo later on the computer.

If you're tempted to use the
Digital Zoom function on your camera,
resist! It will severely compromise image quality.
You're much better off shooting at a high resolution
and cropping the picture on the computer.

3.10.3 The Cheat

If the previous techniques still don't provide the
results you want, consider using the cheat.
You'll need a digital SLR with at least a 200mm
telephoto lens to cheat properly.

First, compose your landscape with the appropriate normal lens and
take the shot. Don't worry about the size or the
brightness of the moon at this point; just focus on the landscape
itself. Now, attach your telephoto lens and expose only for the moon.
For a full moon, start with a setting of 1/125 of a second at f-16
and ISO 100, and see how it looks. For a quarter moon, try f-5.6 as
your starting point.

When you return home to your digital darkroom, combine the images
into one shot, as shown in Figure 3-17. I usually
use the Magic Wand tool in Photoshop to select the big
moon only (leaving the other parts of the image behind),
copy it to the clipboard, and then paste it into the landscape shot
over the tiny dot of the moon. Carefully clean up the edges of moon
so your viewers won't detect any obvious clues from
your digital wizardry.

Figure 3-17. Moon added to evening landscape using Photoshop

Some photographers rail against this technique, while others love it.
It's your picture and your call. My recommendation
is that if you use it, don't get too carried away
with the size of the moon in the final composition. If you make it
too big, your viewers will probably spend more time trying to figure
out what's wrong with the shot than appreciating the
overall composition.

3.10.4 A Few Camera Tips

If your tripod is available, use it.
Otherwise, find a sturdy surface to rest
the camera on while making the exposures. Remote releases work great
for these shots. In a pinch, self-timers are a good backup for
tripping the shutter.

Don't bump up your ISO setting. Keep it at 100 so
that you don't compromise image quality. You
don't need your camera's autofocus
system for these shots; in fact, the autofocus system can be fooled.
Instead, use the infinity lock to ensure good sharp shots.

Also watch out for condensation, especially when you bring the camera
back indoors. Keep a Ziploc plastic bag with you. When
you're done shooting, put the camera in the bag
before bringing it indoors. As the camera warms up to room
temperature, the condensation will collect on the bag, not in the
camera.

To find out when the moon rises and sets in your area, go to the U.S.
Naval Observatory web site (http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneDayl)
and enter your location. You'll get the precise rise
and set times to help you plan your outing.

Manual Exposure mode works best for shots
of the moon by itself. At ISO 100, with the aperture set at f-16, use
a starting exposure of 1/125 for full moon, 1/30 for first quarter,
and 1/15 for thin crescent, and adjust from there.

3.10.5 Final Thoughts

A beautiful twilight landscape with a full moon hanging above the
horizon is an attainable shot for anyone. You just have to do a
little planning, have the right equipment with you, and employ these
techniques. The results can be
fantastic!