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Hack 75 Live with a Less-Than-Perfect Camera

Ansel Adams might not have used a camera phone
to photograph "Moonrise,
Hernandez," but I bet he would have loved to have
one around when he was hanging out with Edward Weston.

The value of a photograph taken with a camera phone does not lie in
its photographic quality. The value lies in the sense of immediacy
and the knowledge that you are able to captureand, indeed,
share [Hack #77] a moment
in time that would have been lost had your camera phone not been with
you.

Most of us who are not professional photographers do not carry
cameras with us all the time. Many of us, however, take our mobile
phones everywhere we go. We take photographs for their personal
value. Photographs can let us relive a special moment time again and
again. So, for many of us, the choice between a nonexistent
six-megapixel image (because the digital SLR is home, safe and sound,
in the file cabinet) and a small, slightly blurry picture from the
camera phone is clear: pull out the camera phone! For example, I can
show you the rainbow in Figure 7-1 only because I
had a camera phone with me to capture it.

Figure 7-1. Camera-phone picture of a rainbow

7.2.1 How Photos from Camera Phones Are Different

Anyone who has played with taking
pictures on a camera phone knows that it's not the
same as regular digital photography, at least
not yet. We're already seeing impressive
improvements in camera-phone technology in Japan, and those
improvements will soon spread across the globe. Until then, here are
some of the main reasons why photographs taken with camera phones
don't look quite as good as those taken with regular
digital cameras.

Pixel resolution

Many camera phones still take pictures at 640 480 pixel
resolution (0.33 megapixels). In printing terms, these dimensions
translate to output that is 3" 4", before cropping.
We're starting to see more camera phones with higher
megapixel resolution, so if making prints is important to you, look
for that specification in your next phone.

Optical properties of the lens

The camera lens used in camera phones cannot be expected to compete
with hobbyist, semiprofessional, or professional camera lenses.
Moreover, if you look at a camera phone's lens,
you will notice that it has some kind of plastic or other clear
material to protect the lens. Although this protective covering
generally appears transparent to your eye, it probably does not allow
the perfect, unimpeded transmission of light through it to the camera
lens. It is also susceptible to tiny scratches (or worse) that might
contribute to image blurring and chromatic (i.e., color) aberration.

Image sensor properties

Instead of film, digital cameras have an image sensor. As you might
imagine, the image sensors in camera phones generally do not have the
same image-capturing quality found in conventional digital cameras,
especially compared to new digital image-processing technologies such
as Canon's DiGiC,
Kyocera's RTUNE, and
Olympus' TruePic, which
are all sophisticated and greatly enhance signal processing.

Lack of automated image-enhancing features

Many conventional digital cameras have preset options that automate
various camera-focusing and light-capturing characteristics. These
preset options help you take clear photos of objects at various
distances from you, under all kinds of lighting conditions. Camera
phones have minimal, if any, such adjustments (either manual or
automated).

No flash

A few camera phones have an integrated or add-on
flash. Most, however, still do
not. This makes it difficult to take photographs in dimly lit or
backlit conditions.

7.2.2 Ways to Improve Your Camera-Phone Photographs

The drawbacks should not discourage you from taking lots of photographs
with your camera phone, though. There are several easy ways to
improve the quality and enjoyment of your camera-phone photographs.

Take a lot of test photographs

As soon as you get your camera phone, learn about its photographic
characteristics by taking plenty of pictures. How do its images look
under different lighting conditions? How accurate is its color
reproduction under different conditions? How close can you get to an
object before the photo becomes blurry?

Accept that sub-megapixel images are small

Figure 7-2 shows a .33-megapixel (640 480)
photograph taken with a Nokia 3650 camera phone, laid over a
photograph taken with a 4-megapixel (2272 1704) Canon PowerShot G3.
As you can see, there is a significant size difference between the
camera phone image and the Canon picture.

Figure 7-2. Size comparison of .33-megapixel and 4-megapixel images

Learn to move closer to your subject before taking a photograph.
Otherwise, you will have a tiny photograph with tiny, hard-to-see
main objects.

Get a commercial or open source image-editing tool

A good image-editing tool will help you deal with some of the other
issues discussed in this section. Throughout the book,
we've been working with Photoshop, but alternatives,
such as the open source GIMP image editor and the commercial
JASC Paintshop Pro image editor, perform
similar image-editing functions under Fedora Linux and Microsoft
Windows XP, respectively.

Use unsharp mask

The Unsharp Mask filter [Hack #63]
is available in many photo-editing applications. Camera-phone
photographs tend to look like soft-focus (blurry) photographs. You
will usually want to sharpen the image to improve its
appearance.

Apply color balancing

The Color Balance feature of your image-editing application will
adjust for the camera phone's color-reproduction
characteristics. Once you figure out the general direction in which
the color shifts for your particular camera phone, you can quickly
make corrections in Photoshop or the image editor or your choice.

Adjust brightness and contrast

Camera-phone photographs are often under- or
overexposed.
Adjusting the brightness and contrast of your image can make it look
more like what you recall seeing, or at least make it look more
appealing. If your image-editing software has a Gamma Correction
tool, such as Levels, you should learn to use it as an alternative to
the Brightness tool because it enables you to adjust the midtones.
Camera phones often have difficulty rendering midtones correctly.

Increase color saturation

Camera-phone photographs sometimes appear undersaturated (i.e.,
faded). The act of adjusting brightness can also reduce the perceived
color saturation. Increasing color
saturation can help make the photograph look closer to what you
remember seeing when you took the photo.

7.2.3 The Techniques in Action

Figure 7-3 shows an original
camera-phone
image, and Figure 7-4 illustrates how it can be
improved with an image editor such as Photoshop Elements. The
original photo was taken outdoors in a shaded area. Like many camera
phones, the Nokia 3650 I used to take this photograph does not have a
flash. So, I could not use a fill flash to deal with the lighting
problem when the picture was taken. The other significant issue is
the strong magenta tint that is especially noticeable in the exposed
skin areas.

I applied a number of corrective actions to restore the image to what
I recall seeing in real life:

Unsharp Mask

Used to sharpen the image

Gamma Correction

Used to lighten the midrange values

Color Balance

Increased the green value to reduce the magenta tinge and increased
red and yellow values to get the skin tone to look more accurate

Increase Contrast

Used to restore the contrast, which was reduced while applying the
Gamma Correction

Noise Edge Preserving Smooth filter

Applied to reduce some of the blocky effect created by the Unsharp
Mask

Figure 7-3. Original photo, taken with a Nokia 3650 camera phone

Figure 7-4. The same photo after image correction

Most camera-phone photos do not require this many corrective steps.
As you learn the kinds of photographs produced by your camera phone
under different conditions, you'll start to develop
a set of standard procedures to maximize your enjoyment of your
photos while minimizing your postproduction time in front of the
computer.

Todd Ogasawara