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Imam Ali Al-Hadi(a.s.)
the tenth holy imam ali al-hadi(as) the son of the
imam mohammad al-jawad(as) and al-sayyidah samanah.
he died of poisoning, and was buried in samarra, iraq, by
his son the eleventh imam hassan al-askari(as) where his
shrine stands today.
he remarkably excelled all others of his time in the
fields of human perfections, as vast knowledge,
generosity, politeness of manners, worshipping of
allah(swt), with moral qualities and discipline.
as one example of his generosity is that he paid
thirty thousand dirhams to an arab man of kufa, saying to
him,
we pay your debts.
the man then, thanking the imam(as) said,
sir, the debts on me is only about one third
of the amount you gave!
the imam(as) added,
then spend the rest on your family and your
people.
the man in astonishment of the imam's(as) generosity
said,
allah knows who to entrust with his message
of divine guidance!
then he left.
imam ali ibn muhammad naqi (sometimes referred to by the
title of hadi), was the son of the ninth imam. he was
born in 212/827 in medina and according to shi'ite
accounts was martyred through poisoning by mu'tazz the
abbasid caliph, in 254/868.89 during his lifetime the
tenth imam was contemporary with seven of the abbasid
caliphs: ma'mun, mu'tasim, wathiq.
mutawakkil, muntasir, musta'in and mu'tazz, it was
during the rule of mu'tasim in 220/835 that his noble
father died through poisoning in baghdad. at that time
ahi ibn muhammad naqi was in medina. there he became the
imam through divine command and the decree of the imams
before him. he stayed in medina teaching religious
sciences until the time of mutawakkil. in 243/857, as a
result of certain false charges that were made,
mutawakkil ordered one of his government officials to
invite the imam from medina to samarrah which was then
the capital. he himself wrote the imam a letter full of
kindness and courtesy asking him to come to the capital
where they could meet. upon arrival in samarrah the imam
was also shown certain outward courtesy and respect,
yet at the same time mutawakkil tried by all possible
means to trouble and dishonor him, many times he called
the imam to his presence with the aim of killing or
disgracing him and had his house searched.
in his enmity toward the household of the prophet
mutawakkil had no equal among the abbasid caliphs. he was
especially opposed to ali, whom he cursed openly. he even
ordered a clown to ridicule ali at voluptuous banquets.
in the year 237/850 he ordered the mausoleum of imam
husayn in karbala and many of the houses around it to be
torn down to the ground, then water was turned upon the
tomb of the imam. he ordered the ground of the tomb to be
plowed and cultivated so that any trace of the tomb would
be forgotten.
during the life of mutawakkil the condition of life of
the descendants of ali in the hijaz had reached such a
pitiful state that their womenfolk had no veils with
which to cover themselves. many of them had only one old
veil which they wore at the time of the daily prayers.
pressures of a similar kind were put on the descendants
of ali who lived in egypt. the tenth imam accepted in
patience the tortures and afflictions of the abbasid
caliph mutawakkil until the caliph died and w as followed
by muntasir, musta'in and finally mu'tazz, whose intrigue
led to the imam's being poisoned and martyred.
