Professional Windows Server 1002003 Security A Technical Reference [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Verifies and
fixes the
integrity of
a filesystem on a disk.

Syntax

chkdsk [volume [ [[path] filename] ] ] [/f] [/v] [/r] [/x] [/i] [/c] 
[/l[:size] ]

Options

None

Displays status of current drive.

volume

Specifies drive to check. This can be a drive letter followed by a
colon, a volume mount point, or a volume name.

[path] filename

Lists specific file(s) to check using chkdsk
(wildcards are acceptable).

/f

Fixes any disk errors found.

/v

Verbose mode (displays the name of each file checked).

/r

Recovers readable information from bad sectors.

/x

Forces volume to dismount first if necessary (NTFS only) and fixes
any disk errors found. Note that all open handles to the disk are
then invalid. You can't force-dismount the system
volume.

/i

Performs a quick check of index entries only (NTFS only).

/c

Speeds check by ignoring cycles within folder structure (NTFS only).

/l[:size]

Specifies log-file size (NTFS only). Current size is displayed if no
size is specified.

The following options are available only when running the Recovery
Console (see

Recovery

Console in Chapter 4):

/p

Performs an exhaustive check on the drive regardless of whether
chkdsk is marked to run (doesn't
fix errors).

/r

Recovers readable information from bad sectors (implies
/p).

Examples

Check C: drive but don't fix
any errors found:

chkdsk C:

Typical output might be:

The type of the file system is NTFS.
WARNING!  F parameter not specified.
Running CHKDSK in read-only mode.
CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 3)...
File verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 3)...
Index verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 3)...
Security descriptor verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal...
Usn Journal verification completed.
Windows found problems with the file system.
Run CHKDSK with the /F (fix) option to correct these.
2096450 KB total disk space.
1758220 KB in 23870 files.
8056 KB in 1407 indexes.
0 KB in bad sectors.
72348 KB in use by the system.
12544 KB occupied by the log file.
257826 KB available on disk.
2048 bytes in each allocation unit.
1048225 total allocation units on disk.
128913 allocation units available on disk.

Note that errors were found. To try to correct these, run:

chkdsk C: /f

The output is now:

The type of the file system is NTFS.
Cannot lock current drive.
Chkdsk cannot run because the volume is in use by another
process.  Would you like to schedule this volume to be
checked the next time the system restarts? (Y/N)

Press Y to schedule chkdsk to run at the next
reboot. Note, however, that running chkdsk on the
active partition may generate spurious errors. (On NTFS volumes,
chkdsk identifies unreferenced security
descriptions as errors, whereas they simply take up space.)

Notes

• You must be a member of the Administrators group to use
  chkdsk.

• chkdsk can take hours (or days) to run on very
  large volumes. To speed up chkdsk, use the
  /i and /c options, which omit
  certain checks on the volume.

• If you choose to fix errors using chkdsk
  /f, there is a possibility of data loss
  (especially on FAT partitions), so you are prompted to confirm
  whether chkdsk should make the necessary changes
  to the file-allocation table. Also, always make a full backup of
  volumes containing important data before running
  chkdsk /f on them.

• The file

  %SystemRoot%\System32Autochk.exe is
  required by chkdsk in order to run.
  Autochk writes a message to the application log
  for each drive checked.

• You can also check a disk for errors from the GUI using the Check
  Disk button on the Tools tab of a disk's properties
  sheet (see

  Disks in Chapter 4 for more
  information).

• chkdsk can't repair corruption in
  the master file table (MFT) for an NTFS volume. If you have a file or
  directory that you can't open, rename, copy, or
  delete from an NTFS volume, back up the volume to
  tapeexcluding the problem file from the backup joband
  then restore the volume.

• See the recover command later in this chapter for
  information about recovering physically damaged files.

See Also

chkntfs, convert,
defrag, diskpart,

Disks , format,
label, mountvol