MySQL Pocket Reference [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

1.2 Installation

You can install MySQL by compiling the source code with the options
that best suit your needs, or by downloading and installing a
prebuilt binary. In general, you'll want to use the
package management system (such as the BSD ports system) appropriate
to your operating system. You can also find both binary and source
code at the MySQL web site, http://www.mysql.com.

Before installing using either approach, you need to prepare your
operating system for MySQL. Specifically, you should create a
mysql user and group under which MySQL will run.

1.2.1 Compilation

Compiling MySQL requires the following steps:

Run configure

Configure comes with a host of options you can specify using the
syntax configure
--option[=value].
For example, configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
tells the installer to use /usr/local/mysql as
its installation directory.

Run make

This step performs the actual compilation.

Run makeinstall

This step takes the compiled binaries and installs all components of
MySQL in their proper locations.

Under Unix, make sure directory owners are all in order.

chown -R root {INSTALL_DIR}
chgrp -R mysql {INSTALL_DIR}
chown -R mysql {DATA_DIR}

1.2.2 Configuration

MySQL has three different kinds of configuration, both for the server
process at server startup and for the client processes when a user
executes them. In order of preference, these configuration options
include:

Command-line options

Configuration file options

Environment variable options

In other words, if you have the password option
specified on the command line, in your configuration file, and in an
environment variable, the command-line option wins. Table 1-1 shows a list of configuration options. Each
option applies to one or more MySQL tools, depending on the context.

A MySQL configuration file has the following format:

# Example MySQL configuration file
#
# These options go to all clients
[client]
password        = my_password
port            = 3306
socket          = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# These options are specifically targeted at the mysqld server
[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket       = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
set-variable = max_allowed_packet=1M

MySQL supports multiple configuration files. As a general rule, it
checks files in the following order of preference:

User configuration file (Unix only).

Configuration file specified through the
--defaults-extra-file=filename
option.

A configuration file in the MySQL data directory.

The system configuration file.

In all cases except the command-line and user configuration options,
the name of the configuration file on Unix is my.cnf and on Windows is my.ini. A Unix user can override system
configuration information by building their own configuration file in
~/.my.cnf. The system
configuration file on a Unix system is /etc/my.cnf. Windows, on the other hand, has
two system configuration locations, in order of preference:

C:\my.cnf

C:\WINNT\System32\my.cnf

You can alternately specify a file on the command line using the
--defaults-file=filename
option. This option causes all options specified in other files to be
ignored, even if they are not overridden in the file you specify.

1.2.3 Startup

In general, you will want MySQL to begin running when the operating
system comes up. How you do this depends on your operating system.

1.2.3.1 Mac OS X

Mac OS X automatically executes all scripts under the /Library/StartupItems directory when the
system boots up. If that directory does not yet exist, you will need
to create it. For MySQL, you should create the directory /Library/StartupItems/MySQL and place the
startup shell script MySQL and
the configuration file StartupParameters.plist in that directory.

Once those files are set up, you need to edit the host configuration
file /etc/hostconfig and add the
line:

MYSQLSERVER=-YES-

1.2.3.1.1 MySQL

The shell script to start, stop, and restart MySQL looks like this:

#!/bin/sh
. /etc/rc.common
StartService(  )
{
if [ "${MYSQLSERVER:=-NO-}" = "-YES-" ]; then
ConsoleMessage "Starting MySQL"
cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
fi
}
StopService(  )
{
ConsoleMessage "Stopping MySQL"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown
}
RestartService(  )
{
if [ "${MYSQLSERVER:=-NO-}" = "-YES-" ]; then
ConsoleMessage "Restarting MySQL"
StopService
StartService
else
StopService
fi
}
RunService "$1"

1.2.3.1.2 StartupParameters.plist

The configuration file looks like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist SYSTEM "file://localhost/System/Library/
DTDs/PropertyList.dtd">
<plist version="0.9">
<dict>
<key>Description</key>
<string>MySQL Database Server</string>
<key>Provides</key>
<array>
<string>MySQL</string>
</array>
<key>Requires</key>
<array>
<string>Network</string>
</array>
<key>OrderPreference</key>
<string>Late</string>
</dict
</plist>

Once installed, you should run the mysql_install_db tool to set up your
databases.

1.2.3.2 Other Unix

Setting up other variants of Unix is as simple as copying the script
mysql.server from the
source's support-files directory to your version of
Unix's startup directory and making sure it is
executable by root. Under FreeBSD, for example, place this script in
/usr/local/etc/rc.d.

Once installed, you should run the mysql_install_db tool to set up your
databases.

1.2.3.3 Windows 2000/XP

To startup an application at system startup on the Windows platform,
you need to install it as a Windows service. You can do this by hand
using the command:

C:\> c:\mysql\bin\mysqld-nt --install

A more convenient way to do accomplish this task is through the
winmysqladmin.exe utility that
comes with the Windows installation of MySQL.

1.2.4 Set the Root Password

After starting the server, and before doing anything else, set a
password for the root user:

mysqladmin -u root password a_good_password