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Linux Network Services
You can activate many basic networks services on a Linux computer. Several are controlled by the xinetd daemon. Many administrators set up their own DNS servers so they don’t have to maintain /etc/hosts on every computer on their networks. Others set up their own DHCP servers; this frees them from having to maintain IP address information on every computer on their networks. Commands are also available to help you set up and configure printers, as well as configure the sendmail server.
This section addresses just the commands that you might run at the command-line interface; no GUI tools are discussed. For more information on the services in this section, refer to Chapters 23–26.
Commands for xinetd Services
As we mentioned, many services, including the Remote Shell and Telnet, are controlled through the Extended Internet Services Daemon, xinetd. This daemon listens for requests and starts network services on demand.
You can start the Remote Shell from a client using a number of different commands, which appear in Table A.24.
Command | Description |
|---|---|
rlogin hostname | Logs into a remote computer with a Remote Shell server; uses the current username. |
rlogin -l username hostname | Logs into the remote hostname computer with a different username. |
rsh hostname | Logs into a remote computer with a Remote Shell server; uses the current username. |
rsh -l username hostname | Logs into the remote hostname computer with a different username. |
rexec hostname command | Logs into the remote computer hostname and executes the command. |
Variations on the telnet command are quite rich, but many cover very special situations. Since telnet provides a straightforward remote login interface, not many variations are required. A few useful options are shown in Table A.25.
Command | Description |
|---|---|
telnet hostname | Opens a console login interface on hostname. |
telnet -a hostname | Sends the current USER as the username for the telnet login process. |
telnet -f hostname | Supports the use of Kerberos on the Telnet server. |
telnet -l username hostname | Attempts to log into the hostname computer as username. |
DNS and DHCP
Chapter 24 explains the configuration of these systems; the commands in their main configuration files, /etc/named.conf and /etc/dhcpd.conf, are addressed in detail in that chapter. Table A.26 describes a few basic commands.
Command | Description |
|---|---|
named | DNS server daemon. |
dhcpd | DHCP server daemon. |
dhclient | DHCP client daemon; can also be used as a command to refresh IP address data. In previous Red Hat distributions, this command was called dhcpcd or pump. |
Printer Commands
Associated with the CUPS and LPD print systems are several basic commands, some of which apply to both systems. For example, with the cups-lpd service, which is part of xinetd, LPD commands are automatically translated for a CUPS system. Basic print commands are described in Table A.27.
Command | Description |
|---|---|
lpr file | Prints the file; this is the basic LPD print command. |
lpc | Manages LPD print queues and active printers. |
lpq | Examines the print spool; you can specify the printer with the -P switch. |
lprm job | Removes a print job with job number. |
cupsaddsmb | Allows you to share a CUPS printer via Samba. |
cupsconfig | Opens the CUPS configuration utility in the Lynx text browser. |
cups-lpd | Starts the CUPS LPD xinetd service that allows CUPS to read LPD commands. |
filter | Adds a new CUPS filter. |
lp file | Prints the file using CUPS. |
lppasswd | Controls access to the CUPS configuration. |
lpoptions | Sets CUPS printer options/defaults. |
lpstatus | Prints CUPS status (queue) information. |
Mail Management Commands
Chapter 26.
Command | Description |
|---|---|
m4 | Processes the sendmail macro file, normally /etc/mail/sendmail.mc, into a format suitable for the sendmail configuration file, normally /etc/mail/sendmail.cf. |
mailq | Sends a summary of queued mail message headers to the printer; sendmail -bp performs the same task. |
makemap | Creates sendmail database maps from /etc/mail configuration files. |
mailstats | Returns mail statistics—numbers of messages, total sizes, and more. |
newaliases | When you change /etc/aliases, this command updates the sendmail database. |
praliases | Shows current aliases from the database. |
rmail | Reads UUCP-based mail. |
smrsh | Enters the sendmail shell. |
