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Introducing the X Window System
Red Hat gives you the option of using the GNOME and KDE desktop environments. GNOME and KDE, however, run on top of X, and X runs on Linux. X is the software that provides the low-level graphical tools that systems like GNOME use. X is the middleware that makes building complex systems like GNOME possible.Technical StuffThe version of X that comes with Red Hat Linux is both sophisticated and simple to use. That wasn’t always the case, though; in fact, it took lots of natural — dare we say Darwinian? — selection to arrive at the current arrangement of X, and the result works well.X is composed of three main parts:The X server
Numerous graphics libraries
A set of X client graphics applications
The X server is a program that talks to the human-interactive hardware on your computer — such as the video card, keyboard, and mouse — and runs interference between this hardware and other graphics software. It uses the graphics libraries to work properly with the graphics hardware.X clients are graphical programs, such as Mozilla and xclock. X clients display their graphical output through the X server; they also get their keyboard and mouse input through the X server. X clients can be run on the same computer that the X server runs on or across a network to any computer running an X server. For example, by using X, you can run an X client on a computer on the other side of the world and view it on the X server running on your home computer.
Suppose that you’re logged in to a computer in Australia and you want to see what time it is there. You could run the date command (from a command line) to see the date and time, but that would be boring. Instead, you could run the xclock program on the remote machine and see a graphical clock displayed on your local computer. You can then verify that the Aussies use clocks that run clockwise and have 24-hour days.RememberThe X server program, often called simply X, isn’t part of the operating system, as it is in some other operating systems. Instead, the X server is a user-level program — although it’s special and complex.The X Window System provides the foundation for these graphical-based systems:
Desktop environment: GNOME and KDE provide a desktop environment that makes using your computer easy. Desktop environments provide high-level functions like menu systems, icons, and backgrounds. A desktop environment is equivalent to a house where X is the foundation.
Graphical applications: Red Hat installs numerous applications, such as games, system administration utilities, Mozilla, and Ximian Evolution to provide the functionality that helps you use your computer and the Internet. Graphical applications are equivalent to the appliances in a house.
