PC Hardware in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

12.1 DVD-ROM

Two types of DVD discs are produced
commercially: DVD-Video discs, which store movies, and DVD-ROM discs,
which store games, databases, and other computer data. All DVD-Video
discs are also DVD-ROM discs, but not all DVD-ROM discs are DVD-Video
discs. In effect, DVD-ROM discs correspond to CD-ROM discs, and
DVD-Video discs correspond to CD-DA audio discs. DVD-Video discs can
be played in DVD-Video players, which are common in home theater
setups, or in a computer's DVD-ROM drive. DVD-ROM
discs can be played only in a DVD-ROM drive. Like CDs, DVDs are
produced commercially by a mechanical pressing process. The DVD-ROM
standard is specified by ECMA-267 (http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/ECMA-267.HTM)
and ECMA-268 (http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/ECMA-268.HTM).

12.1.1 DVD-ROM Types and Capacities

DVD-ROM
discs are (or will be) available in numerous standardized types, most
of which are uncommon or not used at all. Discs may be of either of
two physical sizes, and may have one or two sides, each of which may
store data in a single or double layer. Like CDs, standard
single-sided (SS) DVD-ROM discs are 1.2 mm thick. Double-sided (DS)
discs are simply two thin (0.6 mm) discs glued back to back. Most DVD
players and drives require manually flipping the disc to access the
data on the other side. Each side may contain a single layer (SL) or
a double layer (DL) of data. In the latter case, the top layer is
semitransparent, allowing the laser to read the second layer
underneath it, at the expense of sacrificing some capacity from each
layer. Double-sided mixed-layer (DS/ML) discs use a single data layer
on one side and a double layer on the other, a compromise made
necessary by the limitations of current DVD production methods. DS/DL
discs are still a laboratory curiosity, and are likely to remain so
for some time. Table 12-1 lists the available DVD
types and capacities. Capacities are always given in billions of
bytes (10⁹ bytes) rather than true
gigabytes (2³⁰ bytes), but are always
advertised as "GB" nonetheless.

12.1.2 DVD-ROM Speed

Like CD
drives, DVD drives use the
"X-factor" to specify throughput.
Confusingly, DVD "X"
doesn't mean the same thing as CD
"X". A 1X CD drive transfers data
at 150 KB/s (0.146 MB/s), but a 1X DVD drive transfers data at 11.08
million bits/sec (1.321 MB/s), or about nine times the 1X CD rate. In
theory, then, the X-rating for a DVD drive when playing a CD disc
would be about nine times its DVD rating. In practice,
that's not the case. Early-model DVD-ROM drives
typically provide 20X to 32X max CD performance. Current DVD-ROM
drives generally provide 40X to 48X max CD performance. DVD
throughput faster than 1X is unimportant for DVD-Video, which always
plays at 1X, but does provide faster and smoother searching. High
throughput is more important if you use the drive to read DVD-ROM
discs for playing games or for accessing DVD-ROM data.

Early DVD-ROM drives used CLV, spinning the disc more slowly on outer
tracks and faster near the center, to maintain the constant data rate
needed for DVD-Video. Current DVD-ROM drives use CAV, spinning the
disc at a constant speed and using a buffer to maintain a constant
data rate for sequential applications such as DVD-Video. A sure sign
that a drive is CAV is if it lists
"max" in its speed rating.

The actual throughput of a DVD-ROM drive depends on the type of disc it is reading. For example, a 16X drive may provide 16X max on single-layer discs, but only 10X max on double-layer discs.

As
with CD drives, average access time is often not emphasized on DVD
drives. The most common use of DVD drives is playing movies, which
are sequential data, making both average access time and speeds
higher than 1X unimportant. However, if you use a DVD drive to access
databases or for other purposes where random access predominates,
both average access time and throughput speed become more important.

12.1.3 Choosing a DVD-ROM Drive

In
the past, DVD-ROM drives differed sharply in price and performance
according to the generation to which they belonged. But DVD-ROM
drives have rapidly become commoditized, much as CD-ROM drives did.
Nowadays, even $60 entry-level ATAPI drives provide 16X read
performance for DVDs and 40X or greater for CDs.
You're unlikely to go wrong with a current-model
DVD-ROM drive from any of the major Japanese producers including
Hitachi, NEC, Panasonic, Sony, and Toshiba.

Use the following guidelines when choosing a DVD-ROM drive:

Make certain the drive will read at least DVD-ROM (DVD-5, -9, -10,
-18); DVD-R; and the following CD formats: CD-DA; CD-ROM; CD-ROM XA;
CD+(E)G; CD-Midi; CD-Text; CD-I; CD-I Bridge (Photo-CD and Video-CD);
CD-R; CD-RW; and multisession (Photo-CD; CD-Extra; CD-R; CD-RW). If
possible, get a drive that will also read DVD-RAM (2.6 GB and 4.7 GB
formats) and DVD+RW discs.

In the past, we recommended getting a DVD hardware decoder card to
watch DVD-Video on a PC. That advice is now obsolete. Even the
slowest recent systems can display high-quality DVD-Video using the
software decoders that are bundled with DVD drives and video cards.
If for some reason you must watch DVD-Video on a slow system (<
400 MHz), rather than installing a dedicated DVD decoder card, we
recommend installing an upgraded video card that supplies DVD
acceleration in hardware. The video quality will likely be higher
than with a DVD decoder card, and the newer video card benefits
everything you do on the PC rather than just helping DVD-Video.

DVD-ROM drives are available in ATAPI and SCSI interfaces. Early
ATAPI drives had compatibility and performance problems, and so we
recommended SCSI. Recent DMA-capable ATAPI drives are better in all
respects than their predecessors, and in fact often provide better
performance and more features than SCSI models. For that reason, we
now recommend ATAPI DVD-ROM drives unless you are building an
all-SCSI system.