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Listing Directory Contents with the ls Command
ls is one of the most basic Unix commands. It enables you to list the contents of a directory.
Tip- The commands in this section assume that the shell prompt is displaying your home directory (~).
To list the contents of your home directory
Type ls and press
.A list of the contents of your home directory appears (Figure 4 ).Figure 4. A simple directory listing using the
ls command.
To list the contents of a subdirectory
Type ls followed by the subdirectory name (for example, ls Library) and press
.A list of the contents of the subdirectory you typed appears (Figure 5 ).Figure 5. A listing for the library subdirectory.
To view a long directory listing
Type ls -l and press
.A list of the contents of your home directory, including permissions, owner, size, and modification date information, appears (Figure 6 ).Figure 6. The long version of a directory listing includes permission, owner, file size, and modification date information.
Tip- I tell you more about permissions later in this chapter.
To include invisible items in a directory listing
Type ls -a and press
.A list of the contents of your home directory, including invisible items, appears (Figure 7 ).Figure 7. A directory listing that includes invisible subdirectories.
