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Operating System Essentials
Windows makes core OS features available on systems as diverse as cell phones, handheld devices, laptop PCs, and enterprise servers. OS features can be described by considering the most important resources that a modern OS manages.
- Memory.
The OS manages a large, flat, virtual memory address space and transparently moves information between physical memory and disk and other secondary storage. - File systems.
The OS manages a named file space and provides both direct and sequential access as well as directory and file management. Most systems have a hierarchical name space. - Resource naming and location.
File naming allows for long, descriptive names, and the naming scheme is extended to objects such as devices, synchronization, and interprocess communication objects. The OS also locates and manages access to named objects. - Multitasking.
The OS must manage processes, threads, and other units of independent, asynchronous execution. Tasks can be preempted and scheduled according to dynamically determined priorities. - Communication and synchronization.
The OS manages task-to-task communication and synchronization within single systems as well as communication between networked systems and with the Internet. - Security and protection.
The OS provides flexible mechanisms to protect resources from unauthorized and accidental access and corruption.
The Microsoft Windows Win32/Win64 API supports all these OS features and more and makes them available on a range of Windows versions, some of which are becoming obsolete and some of which support only a subset of the full API.
