HTML and CSS [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Three Columns with Fixed Flanking Menus

One of the most desirable layouts for websites is a three-column layout with the flanking columns fixed to a specific width and the inside of the column fluid (see Figure 13-1).

Creating this layout involves using absolute positioning to position the left and right columns. You then give these explicit widths in pixels (that's how they become fixed). The trick here is to leave a width out of the center column so that it remains fluid and expands or contracts according to available space (see Example 13-1).

Example 13-1. Three-column layout with fixed flanks and fluid center

<style type="text/css">
#nav {position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 50px; width: 200px;}
#content {margin-left: 200px; margin-right: 200px; margin-top: 10px;}
#sidebar {position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10px; width: 200px;}
</style>

You'll notice that the #content div has left and right margins. The numeric value of these should be adjusted to accommodate any padding or borders you add to the columns themselves. The top margin is there just for visual balance, and you'll see that there's no width whatsoever. Figure 13-2 shows a page laid out using this technique with additional styles for the text, whitespace, and imagery. Figure 13-3 shows the same page resized, so you can see how the content will flow into the available space.

NOTE

If you want to fix the center column, you can do so by adding an explicit width. However, on browser resize, columns will overlap.

NOTE

The templates are available at www.phptr.com/title/0131855867.