Sending or Receiving
Many more words represent one-way actions than two-way actions. The "one-way" words may themselves be categorized in different ways. One pair of categories is "sending," or words that are related to writing or telling, and "receiving," or words that are related to reading or listening. How would you categorize the italicized words in the following sentences?
After reading the report three times, he began to comprehend its meaning.
Comprehend means "understand." We would put it in the "receiving" category.
The bank apprised the couple of the penalties for late payment.
Apprise means "inform" or "notify." We would put it in the "sending" category.
Although George did not state directly that Gail was older than she admitted, he implied that she was.
Imply belongs in the sending category; the speaker or writer does the implying. Imply means "hint"; it signifies that there is more than what is being said directly.
We inferred from Larry's comments that Gail was older than she said.
Infer belongs in the receiving category; the reader or listener does the inferring. Infer means "draw a conclusion by logic or reasoning, without being told directly."
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