Speculationand Dispute: The Presocratics Socrates Plato: Soul and Forms Society and Virtue Education and JusticeAristotle: Logic and Physics Ethics Cosmos and Morality Philosophyand Religion: Augustine Scholasticism Arab and Jewish ThoughtLateScholasticism: Bonaventure and AquinasScotus and OckhamEarly Modern PhilosophyTheRenaissance: Humanism and ScienceMachiavelli Hobbes Descartes: Method Doubt and ExistenceMind and BodyCartesianism Variations: Spinoza and UnityLeibniz andPlurality Locke: Origin of Ideas Human Knowledge Government Extensions: Moralists and BayleBerkeley andImmaterialism Hume: Mitigated SkepticismSelf and MoralityRecent Modern PhilosophyTheEnlightenment: British Continental Kant: Synthetic A PrioriExperience andReality TheMoral Law AbsoluteIdealism: Fichte and Hegel Later Idealists SocialConcerns: Bentham and Mill Marx and Engels OtherReactions: Kierkegaard Nietzsche Pragmatism: Peirce James Dewey, Mead, & AddamsContemporary PhilosophyBeginnings: Logic and MathematicsPhenomenology PhilosophicalAnalysis: Moore Russell Alternatives: Realism Logical Positivism LinguisticAnalysis: Wittgenstein Ryle and Austin American Analysis Existentialism: Heidegger Sartre Postmodernism: Critical Theory Feminism: Theory Ethics