بیشترتوضیحاتافزودن یادداشت جدید 2-The Political Background The 1980s saw the apogee of various international power struggles in an equation which directly affected the pace and process of US moves as a global power. These events can be studied in light of two somewhat distinct backgrounds, for many recent incidents have roots in these two developments: First, the former Soviet Union's attack on Afghanistan in 1979 which took the Soviets one step closer to warm international waters a dream dating back and attributed to Peter the Great and with this perception the US leaders felt that they had suffered a setback in their confrontation with their most important global rival. And the second event was the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran against all odds, which also led to the sudden collapse of a close US ally in the Persian Gulf, and was considered by the West its bulwark defense against Communism in the area. The distinctly religious nature of the Islamic Revolution, and also its inherent enmity to the US bullying and hegemonic policies strengthened the belief in Washington that the Iranian Islamic Revolution has not only destroyed West's defensive wall against the Soviets in that region, but has thrown its strategy of preserving and maintaining its "vital and permanent interests" into serious question and confusion. Thus, these two major events led to certain US plans and policies in the 1980s, creating what in essence can be called the evolved and perfected, yet a very old tool of colonial influence and control divide and rule a policy as infamous and as old as the British colonial history in the Middle East. Thus was born the radical fundamentalism we see today and it had been designed with dual aims in mind: Bleeding the Red Army in Afghanistan as much as possible, and second, containing any growth in the popularity of Iranian-style revolutionary movements in the Middle East. But the way events unfolded, that is three other events, caused considerable change in how things turned out. The changes caused by these events also happened to be both strategic and fateful: 1- The Persian Gulf War of 1991 2- The Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in February 1989
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