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1322. Knowledge which is a form of life, as he proves from a verse from the
Qur'an,

3. Will - the principle of particularisation, or the manifestation of
Being. He defines it as the illumination of the knowledge of God according to
the requirements of the Essence; hence it is a particular form of knowledge. It
has nine manifestations, all of which are different names for love; the last is
the love in which the lover and the beloved, the knower and the known merge into
each other, and become identical. This form of love, he says, is the Absolute
Essence; as Christianity teaches, God is love. He guards here, against the error
of looking upon the individual act of will as uncaused. Only the act of the
universal will is uncaused; hence he implies the Hegelian Doctrine of Freedom,
and holds that the acts of man are both free and determined.

4. Power, which expresses itself in self-diremption, i.e., creation. He
controverts Shaikh Muhy al-Din ibn `Arabi's position that the Universe existed
before the creation in the knowledge of God. He says, this would imply that God
did not create it out of nothing, and holds that the Universe, before its
existence as an idea, existed in the self of God.

5. The word or the reflected being. Every possibility is the word of God;
hence nature is the materialisation of the word of God. It has different names -
the tangible word, the sum of the realities of man, the arrangement of the
Divinity, the spread of

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