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CHAPTER
VI
LATER
PERSIAN THOUGHT
Under the rude Tartar invaders of Persia, who, could have no sympathy with independent thought, there could be no progress of ideas. Sufiism, owing to
its association with religion, went on systematising old and evolving new ideas.
But philosophy properwas distasteful to the Tartar. Even the development of
Islamic law suffered a check; since the Hanafite law was the acme of human
reason to the Tartar,, and further subtleties of legal interpretation were
disagreeable to his brain. Old schools of thought lost their solidarity, and
many thinkers left their native country to find more favourable conditions
elsewhere. In the 16th Century we find Persian Aristotelians - Dastur Isfahani,
Hir Bud, Munir and Kamran - travelling in India. where the Emperor Akbar was
drawing upon Zoroastrianism to form a new faith for himself and his courtiers,
who were mostly Persians. No great thinker, however, appeared, in Persia until
the 17th Century, when the acute Mulla Sadra of Shiraz upheld his philosophical
system. with all the vigour of his powerful logic. With Mulla Sadra Reality is
all things, yet is none of them, and true knowledge consists in the identity of
the subject and the object. De Gobineau thinks
