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15with that of the great Hindu thinker Kapila, who accounts for the production of the universe by the hypothesis of three gunas, ie. Sattwa (goodness), Tamas (darkness), and Rajas (motion or passion) which mix together to form Nature, when the equilibrium of the primordial matter (Prakriti) is upset. Of the various solutions' of the problem of diversity which the Vedantist solved by postulating the mysterious power of "Maya", and Leibniz, long afterwards, explained by his doctrine of the Identity of Indiscernibles, Mani's solution, though childish, must find a place in the historical development of philosophical ideas. Its philosophical value may be insignificant; but one thing is certain, ie. Mani was the first to venture the suggestion that the Universe is due to the activity of the Devil, and hence essentially evil - a proposition which seems to me to be the only logical justification of a system which preaches renunciation as the guiding principle of life. In our own times, Schopenhauer has been led to the same conclusion; 1. Thomas Aquinas states and criticises Mani's contrariety of Primal agents in the following manner:- (a)What all things seek even a principle of evil would seek. But all things seek their own self-preservation. Therefore: Even a principle of evil would seek its own self- preservation. (b) What all things seek is good. But self-preservation is what all things seek. Therefore: Self-preservation is good, But a principle of evil would seek its own self-preservation. Therefore: A principle of evil would seek some good--which shows that it is self-contradictory. - God and His Creatures, Book 11, p. 105. Rickaby's Tr.
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