بیشترتوضیحاتافزودن یادداشت جدید
53Orthodox reaction which found a very energetic leader in Al-Ash`ari (b. 873 A. D.) who studied under Rationalist teachers only to demolish, by their own methods, the edifice they had so laboriously built. He was a pupil of Al-Jubba'i (1) - the representative of the younger school of Mu`tazilaism in Basra - with whom he had many controversies(2) which eventually terminated their friendly relations, and led the pupil to bid farewell to the Mu`tazila camp. "The fact", says Spitta, "that Al-Ash`ari was so thoroughly a child of his time with the successive currents of which he let himself go, makes him, in another relation, an important figure to us. In him, as in any other, are clearly reflected the various tendencies of this politically as well as religiously interesting period; and we seldom - find ourselves in a position to weigh the power of the orthodox confession and the Mu`tazilite speculation, the child-like helpless manner of the one, the immaturity and imperfection of the other, so completely as in the life of this man who was orthodox as a boy and a Mu`tazila as a young man"(3). The Mu`tazila speculation (e.g. Al-Jahiz) tended to be absolutely unfettered, and in some cases led to a merely negative attitude of thought. The movement initiated by Al-Ash`ari was an attempt not only to purge Islam of all non-Islamic 1 Extracts from Ibn`Asakir (Mehren) - Travaux de la troisieme session du Congres International des Orientalistes - p. 26 1. 2 Spitta: Zur Geschichte Abul-Hasan Al-Ashari, pp. 42, 43. See also Ibn Khallikan (Gottingen 1939) - AI-Jubba`i where the story of their controversy is given. 3 Spitta: Vorwort, p. VII.
لطفا منتظر باشید ...
