بیشترتوضیحاتافزودن یادداشت جدید
54elements which had quietly crept into it, but also to harmonize the religious consciousness with the religious thought of Islam. Rationalism was an attempt to measure reality by reason alone; it implied the identity of the spheres of religion and philosophy, and strove to express faith in the form of concepts or terms of pure thought. It ignored the facts of human nature, and tended to disintegrate the solidarity of the Islamic Church. Hence the reaction. The orthodox reaction led by the Ash`arite then was, in reality, nothing more than the transfer of dialectic method to the defence of the authority of Divine Revelation. In opposition to the Rationalists, they maintained the doctrine of the Attributes of God; and, as regards the Free Will controversy, they adopted a course lying midway between the extreme fatalism of the old school, and the extreme libertarianism of the Rationalists. They teach that the power of choice as well as all human actions are created by God; and that man has been given the power of acquiring (1) the different modes of activity. But Fakhr al-Din Razi, who in his violent attack on philosophy was strenuously opposed by Tusi and Qutb al-Din, does away with the idea of "acquisition", and openly maintains the doctrine of necessity in his commentary on the Qur'an. The Mataridiyya another school of anti-rationalist theology, founded by Abu Mansur Mataridi a native of Matarid in the environs of Samarqand - went back to the old 1. Shahrastani-ed. Cureton, p. 69.
لطفا منتظر باشید ...
