Iqbals The Development of Metaphysics in Persia [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

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CHAPTER I

PERSIAN DUALISM

1.

ZOROASTER

To Zoroaster - the
ancient sage of Iran - must always be assigned the first place in the
intellectual history of Iranian Aryans who, wearied of constant roaming, settled
down to an agricultural life at a time when the Vedic Hymns were still being
com-posed in the plains of Central Asia. This new mode of life and the
consequent stability of the institution of property among the settlers, made
them hated by other Aryan tribes who had not yet shaken off their original
nomadic habits, and occasionally plundered their more civilised kinsmen. Thus
grew up the conflict between the two modes of life which found its earliest
expression in the denunciation of the deities of each other - the Devas and the
Ahuras. It was, really the beginning of a long individualising process which
gradually severed the Iranian branch from other Aryan tribes, and finally
manifested itself in the religious system of Zoroaster (1) the

1 Some European scholars
have held Zoroaster to be nothing more than a mythical personage. But since the
publication of Professor Jackson's admirable Life of Zoroaster, the
Iranian Prophet has, I believe, finally got out of the ordeal of modern
criticism.

/ 153