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75positive and existent on the one hand, and non-existent and negative on the other. They say that all existent is positive, but the converse of this proposition is not true. There is certainly a relation between the existentand the non-existent, but there is absolutely no relation between the positive and the negative. We do not say,. as Al-Katibi holds, that the impossible is non-existent;, we say that the impossible is only negative. Substances. which do exist are something positive. As regards the. attribute which cannot be conceived as existing apart from the substance, it is neither existent nor non-existent, but something between the two. Briefly the Ash`arite position is as follows: "A thing has a proof of its existence or not. If not, it is called negative. If it has a proof of its, existence, it is either substance or attribute. If it is. substance and has the attribute of existence or nonexistence (i.e. it is perceived or not) it is existent or non-existent accordingly. If it is attribute, it is neither existent nor non-existent ". (1) 1. Ibn Mubarak's Commentary, fol. 15b.
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