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92aspect of Sufi thought with the fundamental ideas of Neo-Platonism. The God of Neo-Platonism is immanent as well as transcendant. "As being the cause of all things, it is everywhere. As being other than all things, it is nowhere. If it were only 'everywhere', and not also 'nowhere', it would be all things(1)." The Sufi, however, tersely says that God is all things. The Neo-Platonist allows a certain permanence or fixity to matter(2); but the Sufis of the school in question regard all empirical experience as a kind of dreaming. Life in limitation, they say, is asleep; death brings the awakening. It is, however, the doctrine of Impersonal Immortality - "genuinely Eastern in spirit" - which distinguishes this school from Neo-Platonism. "Its (Arabian Philosophy) distinctive doctrine", says Whittaker, "of an Impersonal immortality of the general human intellect is, however, as contrasted with Aristotelianism and Neo-Platonism, essentially original." The above brief exposition shows that there are three basic ideas of this mode of thought: (a) That the Ultimate Reality is knowable through a supersensual state of consciousness; (b) That the Ultimate Reality is impersonal; (c) That the Ultimate Reality is one. Corresponding to these ideas we have: (a) The Agnostic reaction as manifested in the poet `Umar Khayyam (12th Century) who cried out 1 Whittaker's Neo-Platonism, p, 58. 2 Whittaker's Neo-Platonism, p. 57.
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