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European Space Agency
European Space Agency (ESA), organization formed in 1975 from the merger of the European Space Research Organization and the European Launcher Development Organization. The purpose of ESA is to develop space research and technology; its members include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Canada and Finland take part as observers. ESA's headquarters is in Paris, and major facilities exist in several nations. ESA developed Spacelab, first flown in 1983 on the ninth mission of the Space Shuttle. It owns a major share in Arianespace, the marketing company for the Ariane rocket designed by ESA and first successfully flown in 1983.
Wubbo Ockels
Dutch astronaut Wubbo Ockels flew on the space shuttle Challenger in 1985 on the first mission in which the payload was controlled from outside the United States. Ockels joined two German scientists to conduct 76 experiments during the flight.
NASA
