How This Book Is OrganizedAlthough this book could be read cover-to-cover, it is designed to be flexible and allow you to easily move between chapters and sections of chapters to cover just the material that you need more work with. Accordingly, the book follows a modular design. Layer 2 VPN Architectures is divided into the following main parts and chapters: Part I: Foundation The book begins by explaining the existing market drivers for Layer 2 VPNs and explores where each of the various types of VPNs exist. It introduces the architectural framework and choices for Layer 2 VPNs and delves into pseudowire emulation realizations and details. This part also describes the architectural reference model and standardarization process of Layer 2 VPNs and pseudowire technologies, and introduces you to AToM and L2TPv3. Chapter 1, "Understanding Layer 2 VPNs": This chapter introduces L2VPNs and its motivations. It also compares Layer 2 versus Layer 3 VPNs. Chapter 2, "Pseudowire Emulation Framework and Standards" This chapter presents the pseudowire emulation reference model and architectural components, defines key terminology, and explains the history and standardization of pseudowire emulation in the IETF. Chapter 3, "Layer 2 VPN Architectures" This chapter introduces AToM and L2TPv3 and presents business and technical factors to be considered when choosing a Layer 2 VPN technology. Part II: Layer 2 Protocol Primer This part provides a complete overview of Layer 2 LAN and WAN technologies. Chapter 4, "LAN Protocols" This chapter includes and overview of LAN protocols, such as Ethernet II and 802.3, Ethernet dot1Q, Ethernet QinQ, spanning tree, and related technologies. Chapter 5, "WAN Data-Link Protocols" This chapter outlines different WAN protocols including HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, and ATM. Part III: Any Transport over MPLS The chapters in this part cover the theoretical and operational details of MPLS and LDP as they pertain to AToM, analyze the control plane (pseudowire signaling) and data plane (data encapsulation), describe the design and implementation of AToM technologies, and provide LAN and WAN protocols over MPLS and advanced AToM case studies. Chapter 6, "Understanding Any Transport over MPLS" This chapter details AToM and LDP operations for pseudowire signaling and describes AToM pseudowire encapsulation. Chapter 7, "LAN Protocols over MPLS Case Studies" This chapter presents the underlying theory and case studies for LAN protocols over MPLS including port-to-port and dot1Q modes. Chapter 8, "WAN Protocols over MPLS Case Studies" This chapter presents the underlying theory and case studies for all WAN protocols over MPLS and their various modes of operation. Chapter 9, "Advanced AToM Case Studies" This chapter concludes the AToM section with advanced case studies such as load sharing, preferred path selection, AToM with traffic engineering (TE), AToM over GRE, inter-AS AToM, VCCV and QoS. Part IV: Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 This part discusses the theory on Layer 2 protocols over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol version 3 (L2TPv3) in IP networks, analyzes the control plane L2TPv3 protocol interactions and data plane encapsulation details, and provides LAN and WAN protocols and advanced case studies. Chapter 10, "Understanding L2TPv3" This chapter starts with Universal Transport Interface (UTI) history and evolvement into L2TPv3; it then details L2TPv3 control plane including tunnels, sessions, cookies, AVPs, control plane messages and message formats, as well as the L2TPv3 data plane including the data packet formats. Chapter 11, "LAN Protocols over L2TPv3 Case Studies" This chapter presents the underlying theory and case studies for LAN protocols over L2TPv3 including static sessions, static sessions with keepalives, and dynamic sessions for Ethernet port-to-port and VLAN modes with and without VLAN rewrite. Chapter 12, "WAN Protocols over L2TPv3 Case Studies" This chapter presents the fundamental theory and case studies for all WAN protocols over L2TPv3 including HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay (DLCI and port modes), and ATM (AAL5 and the various Cell Relay modes). Chapter 13, "Advanced L2TPv3 Case Studies" This chapter details advanced case studies for L2TPv3 networks including Path MTU Discovery, ATM OAM Emulation and cell packing, and QoS. Part V: Additional Layer 2 VPN Architectures This part presents Any-to-Any Layer 2 VPN interworking, local switching, and Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS). The part includes both architectural and theoretical frameworks, and configuration and design case studies. Chapter 14, "Layer 2 Interworking and Local Switching" This chapter introduces the related Layer 2 VPN architectures of Layer 2 IP and Ethernet interworking (that is, routed and bridged interworking, respectively), Layer 2 local switching, and the combinations of interworking with local switching. This chapter includes details and case studies for both AToM and L2TPv3. Chapter 15, "Virtual Private LAN Service" This chapter introduces the VPLS application with theory, configuration, and multiple case studies.
The book concludes with an appendix that summarizes the Cisco and IETF L2TPv3 AVP attribute types. |