Python Cookbook 2Nd Edition Jun 1002005 [Electronic resources]

David Ascher, Alex Martelli, Anna Ravenscroft

نسخه متنی -صفحه : 394/ 61

Recipe 2.17. Swapping One File Extension for Another Throughout a Directory Tree

Credit: Julius Welby

Problem

You need to rename files throughout a subtree of directories, specifically changing the names of all files with a given extension so that they have a different extension instead.

Solution

Operating on all files of a whole subtree of directories is easy enough with the os.walk function from Python's standard library:

import os
def swapextensions(dir, before, after):
if before[:1] != '.':
before = '.'+before
thelen = -len(before)
if after[:1] != '.':
after = '.'+after
for path, subdirs, files in os.walk(dir):
for oldfile in files:
if oldfile[thelen:] == before:
oldfile = os.path.join(path, oldfile)
newfile = oldfile[:thelen] + after
os.rename(oldfile, newfile)
if _ _name_ _=='_ _main_ _':
import sys
if len(sys.argv) != 4:
print "Usage: swapext rootdir before after"
sys.exit(100)
swapextensions(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])

Discussion

This recipe shows how to change the file extensions of all files in a specified directory, all of its subdirectories, all of their subdirectories, and so on. This technique is useful for changing the extensions of a whole batch of files in a folder structure, such as a web site. You can also use it to correct errors made when saving a batch of files programmatically.

The recipe is usable either as a module to be imported from any other, or as a script to run from the command line, and it is carefully coded to be platform-independent. You can pass in the extensions either with or without the leading dot (.), since the code in this recipe inserts that dot, if necessary. (As a consequence of this convenience, however, this recipe is unable to deal with files completely lacking any extension, including the dot; this limitation may be bothersome on Unix systems.)

The implementation of this recipe uses techniques that purists might consider too low levelspecifically by dealing mostly with filenames and extensions by direct string manipulation, rather than by the functions in module os.path. It's not a big deal: using os.path is fine, but using Python's powerful string facilities to deal with filenames is fine, too.