This element is used to override the current directionality of text.
<bdo class="class name(s)" dir="ltr | rtl" id="unique alphanumeric identifier" lang="language code" style="style information" title="advisory text"> </bdo>
accesskey="key" (5.5) contenteditable="inherit | false | true" (5.5) disabled="false | true" (5.5) hidefocus="true | false" (5.5) language="javascript | jscript | vbs | vbscript | xml" (5.0) tabindex="number" (5.5) unselectable="off | on" (5.5)
onclick, ondblclick, onmousedown, onmouseup, onmouseover, onmousemove, onmouseout, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup
onactivate, onafterupdate, onbeforeactivate, onbeforecopy, onbeforecut, onbeforedeactivate, onbeforeeditfocus, onbeforepaste, onbeforeupdate, onblur, oncellchange, oncontextmenu, oncontrolselect, oncopy, oncut, ondeactivate, ondrag, ondragend, ondragenter, ondragleave, ondragover, ondragstart, ondrop, onerrorupdate, onfilterchange, onfocus, onfocusin, onfocusout, onhelp, onlosecapture, onmouseenter, onmouseleave, onmousewheel, onmove, onmoveend, onmovestart, onpaste, onpropertychange, onreadystatechange, onresizeend, onresizestart, onscroll, onselectstart
<!-- Switch text direction --> <bdo dir="rtl">This text will go right to left if you can find a browser that supports this element. </bdo>
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HTML 4, 4.01 XHTML 1.0, 1.1 |
Internet Explorer 5, 5.5, 6 Netscape 6, 7 Opera 7 |
The HTML 4 specification did not specify events for this element; they were added in XHTML. This is most likely an oversight.
This Internet Explorer element associates a background sound with a page.
<bgsound balance="number" id="unique alphanumeric identifier" loop="number" src=" of sound file" volume="number">
onlayoutcomplete, onmouseenter, onmouseleave, onreadystatechange
balance This attribute defines a number between -10,000 and +10,000 that determines how the volume will be divided between the speakers.
loop This attribute indicates the number of times a sound is to be played and either has a positive numeric value or -1 to specify that it will continuously loop. The keyword infinite is also supported in many Internet Explorer implementations.
src This attribute specifies the URL of the sound file to be played, which must be one of the following types: .wav, .au, or .mid.
volume This attribute defines a number between -10,000 and 0 that determines the loudness of a page's background sound.
<bgsound src="> <bgsound src=" loop="infinite">
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No standards |
Internet Explorer 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6 |
Similar functionality can be achieved in some versions of Netscape using the <embed> tag to invoke an audio player.
You can write bgsound with a self-closing tag <bgsound />. However, since this element is not part of a standard, making it XHTML-like will not make it validate.
Indicates that the enclosed text should be displayed in a larger font relative to the current font.
<big class="class name(s)" dir="ltr | rtl" id="unique alphanumeric identifier" lang="language code" style="style information" title="advisory text"> </big>
language="javascript | jscript | vbs | vbscript" (4) accesskey="key" (5.5) contenteditable="false | true | inherit" (5.5) disabled="false | true" (5.5) hidefocus="true | false" (5.5) tabindex="number" (5.5) unselectable="off | on" (5.5)
onclick, ondblclick, onmousedown, onmouseup, onmouseover, onmousemove, onmouseout, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup
onactivate, onbeforeactivate, onbeforecopy, onbeforecut, onbeforedeactivate, onbeforeeditfocus, onbeforepaste, onblur, oncontextmenu, oncontrolselect, oncopy, oncut, ondeactivate, ondrag, ondragend, ondragenter, ondragleave, ondragover, ondragstart, ondrop, onfocus, onfocusin, onfocusout, onhelp, onlosecapture, onmouseenter, onmouseleave, onmousewheel, onmove, onmoveend, onmovestart, onpaste, onpropertychange, onreadystatechange, onresizeend, onresizestart, onselectstart, ontimeerror
This text is regular size. <big>This text is larger.</big>
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HTML 2, 3.2, 4, 4.01 XHTML 1.0, 1.1, Basic |
Internet Explorer 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6 Netscape 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5-4.8, 6, 7 Opera 4-7 |
HTML 3.2 does not support any attributes for this element.
This Netscape-specific element causes the enclosed text to flash slowly.
<blink class="class name(s)" id="unique alphanumeric identifier" lang="language code" style="style information"> </blink>
<blink>Annoying, isn't it?</blink>
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No Standards |
Netscape 1, 2, 3, 4-4.7, 6, 7 |
The attributes class, id, and style were added during the Netscape 4 release; lang was added from Netscape 6.
This block element indicates that the enclosed text is an extended quotation. Usually, this is rendered visually by indentation.
<blockquote cite=" of source information" class="class name(s)" dir="ltr | rtl" id="unique alphanumeric identifier" lang="language code" style="style information" title="advisory text"> </blockquote>
accesskey="key" (5.5) contenteditable="false | true | inherit" (5.5) disabled="false | true" (5.5) hidefocus="true | false" (5.5) language="javascript | jscript | vbs | vbscript" (4) tabindex="number" (5.5) unselectable="off | on" (5.5)
onclick, ondblclick, onmousedown, onmouseup, onmouseover, onmousemove, onmouseout, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup
onactivate, onbeforeactivate, onbeforecopy, onbeforecut, onbeforedeactivate, onbeforeeditfocus, onbeforepaste, onblur, oncontextmenu, oncontrolselect, oncopy, oncut, ondeactivate, ondrag, ondragend, ondragenter, ondragleave, ondragover, ondragstart, ondrop, onfocus, onfocusin, onfocusout, onhelp, onlosecapture, onmouseenter, onmouseleave, onmousewheel, onmove, onmoveend, onmovestart, onpaste, onpropertychange, onreadystatechange, onresizeend, onresizestart, onselectstart, ontimeerror
cite The value of this attribute should be a URL for the document in which the information cited can be found.
The following paragraph is taken from our March report: <blockquote cite="marchreportl"> ... text ... </blockquote>
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HTML 2, 3.2, 4, 4.01 XHTML 1.0, 1.1, Basic |
Internet Explorer 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6 Netscape 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5-4.8, 6, 7 Opera 4-7 |
HTML 2.0 and 3.2 do not support any attributes for this element.
Some browsers understand the <bq> shorthand notation.
This element encloses a document's displayable content.
<body alink="color name | #RRGGBB" (transitional only) background=" of background image" (transitional only) bgcolor="color name | #RRGGBB" (transitional only) class="class name(s)" dir="ltr | rtl" id="unique alphanumeric identifier" lang="language code" link="color name | #RRGGBB" (transitional only) style="style information" text="color name | #RRGGBB" (transitional only) title="advisory text" vlink="color name | #RRGGBB"> (vlink attribute transitional only) </body>
accesskey="key" (5.5) bgproperties="fixed" (4) bottommargin="pixels" (4) contenteditable="false | true | inherit" (5.5) disabled="false | true" (5.5) hidefocus="true | false" (5.5) language="javascript | jscript | vbs | vbscript" (4) leftmargin="pixels" (4) nowrap="false | true" (4) riargin="pixels" (4) scroll="no | yes" (4) tabindex="number" (5.5) topmargin="pixels" (4) unselectable="off | on" (5.5)
marginheight="pixels" (4) marginwidth="pixels" (4)
onclick, ondblclick, onload, onmousedown, onmouseup, onmouseover, onmousemove, onmouseout, onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup, onunload
onactivate, onafterprint, onbeforeactivate, onbeforecut, onbeforedeactivate, onbeforeeditfocus, onbeforepaste, onbeforeprint, onbeforeunload, oncontextmenu, oncontrolselect, oncut, ondeactivate, ondrag, ondragend, ondragenter, ondragleave, ondragover, ondragstart, ondrop, onfilterchange, onfocusin, onfocusout, onlosecapture, onmouseenter, onmouseleave, onmousewheel, onmove, onmoveend, onmovestart, onpaste, onpropertychange, onreadystatechange, onresizeend, onresizestart, onscroll, onselect, onselectstart
alink This attribute sets the color for active links within the document. Active links represent the state of a link as it is being clicked. The value of the attribute can be either a browser-dependent named color or a color specified in the hexadecimal #RRGGBB format.
background This attribute contains a URL for an image file, which will be tiled to provide the document background.
bgcolor This attribute sets the background color for the document. Its value can be either a browser-dependent named color or a color specified using the hexadecimal #RRGGBB format.
bgproperties This attribute, first introduced in Internet Explorer 2, has one value, fixed, which causes the background image to act as a fixed watermark and not to scroll.
bottommargin This attribute specifies the bottom margin for the entire body of the page and overrides the default margin. When set to 0 or " ", the bottom margin is the bottom edge of the window or frame the content is displayed in.
leftmargin This Internet Explorer-specific attribute sets the left margin for the page in pixels, overriding the default margin. When set to 0 or " ", the left margin is the left edge of the window or the frame.
link This attribute sets the color for hyperlinks within the document that have not yet been visited. Its value can be either a browser-dependent named color or a color specified using the hexadecimal #RRGGBB format.
marginheight This Netscape-specific attribute sets the top margin for the document in pixels. If set to 0 or " ", the top margin will be exactly on the top edge of the window or frame. It is equivalent to combining the Internet Explorer attributes bottommargin and topmargin.
marginwidth This Netscape-specific attribute sets the left and right margins for the page in pixels, overriding the default margin. When set to 0 or " ", the left margin is the left edge of the window or the frame. It is equivalent to combining the Internet Explorer attributes leftmargin and riargin.
nowrap This Internet Explorer-specific attribute is used to control the wrapping of text body width. If set to yes, text should not wrap. The default is no. CSS rules should be used instead of this attribute.
riargin This attribute, specific to Internet Explorer, sets the right margin for the page in pixels, overriding the default margin. When set to 0 or ", the right margin is the right edge of the window or the frame.
scroll This Internet Explorer attribute turns the scroll bars on or off. The default value is yes.
text This attribute sets the text color for the document. Its value can be either a browser-dependent named color or a color specified using the hexadecimal #RRGGBB format.
topmargin This Internet Explorer-specific attribute sets the top margin for the document in pixels. If set to 0 or ", the top margin will be exactly on the top edge of the window or frame.
<body background="checkered.gif"
bgcolor="white"
alink="red"
link="blue"
vlink="red"
text="black"> ... </body>
<body onload="myLoadFunction()"> ... </body>
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HTML 2, 3.2, 4, 4.01 XHTML 1.0, 1.1, Basic |
Internet Explorer 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6 Netscape 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5-4.8, 6, 7 Opera 4-7 |
When defining text colors, it is important to be careful to specify both foreground and background explicitly so that they are not masked out by browser defaults set by the user.
Under the strict HTML and XHTML definitions, CSS should be used in place of presentation attributes like alink, background, bgcolor, link, text, and vlink.
This element must be present in all documents except those declaring a frame set.
Under XHTML 1.0, the closing </body> tag is mandatory.
This empty element forces a line break.
<br class="class name(s)" clear="all | left | none | right" (transitional only) id="unique alphanumeric identifier" style="style information" title="advisory text" />
onlayoutcomplete, onlosecapture, onreadystatechange
clear This attribute forces the insertion of vertical space so that the tagged text can be positioned with respect to images. A value of left clears text that flows around left-aligned images to the next full left margin, a value of right clears text that flows around right-aligned images to the next full right margin, and a value of all clears text until it can reach both full margins. The default value according to the transitional HTML and XHTML specifications is none, but its meaning generally is supported as just introducing a return and nothing more.
This text will be broken here <br />and continued on a new line. <img src="/image/library/english/10234_test.gif" align="right" /> This is the image caption.<br clear="right" />
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HTML 2, 3.2, 4, 4.01 XHTML 1.0, 1.1, Basic |
Internet Explorer 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6 Netscape 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5-4.8, 6, 7 Opera 4-7 |
This is an empty element. A closing tag is illegal under all HTML specifications. For XHTML compatibility, a closing slash is required: <br />.
Under the strict HTML and XHTML specifications, the clear attribute is not valid. The style property clear provides the same functionality as the clear attribute.