First, start the class:
{ package RaceHorse;
our @ISA = qw(Horse);Next, use a simple dbmopen to associate %STANDINGS with permanent storage:
dbmopen (our %STANDINGS, "standings", 0666) or die "Cannot access standings dbm: $!";
When a new RaceHorse is named, either pull the existing standings from the database or invent zeroes for everything:
sub named { # class method
my $self = shift->SUPER::named(@_);
my $name = $self->name;
my @standings = split '' '', $STANDINGS{$name} || "0 0 0 0";
@$self{qw(wins places shows losses)} = @standings;
$self;
}When the RaceHorse is destroyed, the standings are updated:
sub DESTROY { # instance method, automatically invoked
my $self = shift;
$STANDINGS{$self->name} = "@$self{qw(wins places shows losses)}";
$self->SUPER::DESTROY;
}Finally, the instance methods are defined:
## instance methods:
sub won { shift->{wins}++; }
sub placed { shift->{places}++; }
sub showed { shift->{shows}++; }
sub lost { shift->{losses}++; }
sub standings {
my $self = shift;
join ", ", map "$self->{$_} $_", qw(wins places shows losses);
}
}