File management tools include those used for navigation and general file and directory manipulation. Refer to Table A.2 for these commands.
Table A.2. Filesystem Navigation Commands
| COMMAND | GENERAL USAGE | DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| cd | cd DIR | Changes directories. |
| cp | cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST | Copies files or directories. Common options include -d
Copy symbolic links -R
Copy directories recursively |
| ln | ln [OPTIONS] SOURCE TARGET | Creates a link between two files. Common options include -s
Create a symbolic, rather than hard, link |
| ls | ls [OPTIONS] FILE | Lists directory contents. Common options include -a
Show all files, including hidden files starting with "." -A
Show almost all filesomit "." and ".." -d
List directory entries rather than contents -l
Display a long listing of contents, including file mode, ownership, and timestamp -R
Perform a recursive listing |
| pwd | pwd | Prints the path of the current working directory. |
| mkdir | mkdir [OPTIONS] DIR | Creates the specified directory. Common options include -p
Create parent directories if necessary |
| mv | mv SOURCE DEST | Moves files or directories from one location to another. Also used to rename individual files or directories. |
| rename | rename FROM TO files | Renames multiple files or directories. Example:
rename l *
|
| rm | rm [OPTIONS] FILE | Removes (deletes) files or directories. Common options include -i
Prompt before deletion -r
Delete contents of a directory recursively |
| rmdir | rmdir DIR | Removes empty directories. |
| touch | touch FILE | Creates an empty file. |