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NOTES
1-Al-Khawarij: A group of Muslims who believed that any
man is entitled to be chosen as caliph.
2-Al-Mutazila: a sect of Muslims founded in the second
Hejra century by Wasil bin Ata.
3-The Quran 2:124.
4-The Quran 32:24.
5-Al-Shaikh al-Mufeed, Idat Rasail al-Mufeed.
p. 3.
6-Al-Tabarani, Al-Mujam al-Kabeer, vol. 19, p.
389.
7-Al-Baihaqi, Al-Sunnan al-Kubra, vol. 8, p.
156. Saheeh Muslim, vol. 4, p. 126.
8-Al-Kulani, Al-Usool min al-Kafi, vol. 1,
p.18.
9-Al-Nissai, Al-Sunnan al-Kubra, vol. 5, p.
141.
10-Ibid.
11-Ibid; Mustadrik al-Hakim, vol. 3, p. 125.
12-Imam Ali, Nahj al-Balagha, p. 300.
13-The Quran 26:214.
14-Masnad Ahmed ibn Hanbal, vol. 1, p. 111: Tarikh
al-Tabari, vol. 2, p. 321, Al-Haskani, Shawahid
al-Tanzeel, vol. 1, p. 543.
15-Masnad Ahmed ibn Hanbal, ibid., p. 177; Saheeh
Muslim, vol. 2 p. 360.
16-Masnad Ahmed, ibid., vol. 4, p.164-5: Sunnan
al-Tarmathi, vol. 5, p. 594.
17-The Quran 33:33.
18-Al-Haskani, Shawahid al-Tanzeel, vol. 2, p.
26-27; Al-Tahawi, Mushkul al-Athar, vol. 1, p.
332; Masnad Ahmed, op. cit., vol. 4, p.107:
Al-Nissai, Al-Sunnan al-Kubra, vol. 5, p.107.
19-The Quran 5:55-56.
20-Masnad Ahmed, op. cit., vol. 5, p.355.
21-Al-Nissai, Al-Sunnan al-Kubra, op. cit.,
vol. 5, p. 45.
22-The Quran 5:55.
23-Al-Sadr Muhammad Baqir, Bahth hawl al-wilayat,
p. 78-79.
24-Part XXI, p.69.
25-The Quran 98:7.
26-Ibn Hajjar, Al-Sawaiq al-Muhriqa, p. 161;
Al-Shablanji, Noor al- Absar fi Manaqib al-Anabi
al-Athar, p.80; Jalal al-Deen al-Sayuti, Al- Dur
al-Manthur, vol. 6, p. 379.
27-Ibn al-Atheer, Al-Nihaya fi Ghareeb al-Hadeeth
wal Athar, vol. 4, p. 106.
28-The Quran 42:23.
29-Tarikh al-Yaqubi, vol. 2, p.124; ibn Qutaiba
al-Daynouri, Al-Imama was Siasah, vol. 1, p.19.
30-Shaikh al-Mufeed, Awail al-Maqalat, p. 47.
31-Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 25, p.194.
32-Al-Muqdad al-Sayuri, part XI, p.37.
33-The Quran 2:124.
34-The Quran 33:33.
35-Al-Hakim, al-Mustadrik ala al-Sahehain, vol.
2, p. 451; Al-Baihaqi, Al-Sunnan al-Kubra, vol. 2,
p. 152; Sunan al-Tarmathi, vol. 5, p. 45.
36-Al-Nisai, al-Sunan al-Kubra, vol. 5, p. 45.
37-Al-Sayuti, Al-Jami al-Sagheer, vol. 2, p.
533. Al-Tabari, Thakair al- Ukba, p. 20.
Al-Haithami, Majma al-Zawad, vol. 9, p.168.
38-The Quran 42:23.
39-Al-Sayuti, Al-Dur al-Manthur, vol. 6, p. 6;
Ibn al-Magazli, Manaqib Ali ibn Abi Talib, p.307.
Al-Zamakshari, Al-Kashaf; Al-Qurtubi, Al-Jami
li Ahkam al-Quran.
40-Saheeh al-Bukhari, vol. 4, p. 217.
41-Ibn Hajjar al-Haithami, Al-Sawaiq al-Muhriqa,
p. 200.
42-Ibn Hajjar, Tahtheeb al-Tahtheeb, vol. 9, p.
269.
43-Rasail al-Jahiz al-Siasiah, p.45; Ibn Abi
al-Hadeed, Sharih Nahj al- Balagha, vol. 15, p.
274.
44-Al-Imad al-Hanbali, Shathrat al-Thahab, vol.
1, p. 149.
45-Ibn Saad, Al-Tabakat al-Kubra, vol. 5, p.
324.
46-Ibn Haban, Al-Thuqat, vol. 6, p. 131.
47-Al-Nisai, Al-Jarh wa al-Tadeel, vol. 8, p.
139.
48-Cited by ibn Hajar, Tahtheeb al-Tahtheeb,
vol. 2, p. 89.
49-Ibn al-Jawzi, Tathkirat al-Khwas, p.198.
50-Al-Tabrisi, Ilam al-Wara bi Alam al-Huda, p.
238.
51-Ibn al-Jawzi, Tathkirat al-Khawas, p. 202.
52-Al-Thahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, p. 218.
53-Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, Shatharat al-Dahab,
vol. 2, p. 128-9.
54-Ibn al-Jawzi, op. cit., p. 362.
55-Masnad Ahmed, vol. 1 p. 84; Sinan Ibn
Maja, vol. 2, p. 1367.
56-Hakim, al-Mustadrik, vol. 4, p. 557.
57-Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, Nahj al-Balagha,
Al-Khutba al-Ula.
58-Ascribing human attributes to God (Translator's
note).
59-This is a term used by the Sufi mystics for
observing all visible things in God's existence.
(Translator's note).
60-Another Sufi term referring to the union of the
spirit with God. (Translator's note).
61-Literally all those who exaggerate in religion and
applied especially to those who ascribed divine or
prophetic attributes to some Imams (Translator's note).
62-Al-Kulaini, al-Usool min al-Kafi, vol. 1,
see the part on divine unity.
63-Al-Shaikh al-Mufeed, Sharh aqaid al-Sadiq,
p. 239.
64-Reference is made here to Abdullah ibn Sada and his
followers.
65-Al-Jabur or Necessitarianism is the belief that
denies free agency of man.
66-The Quran 90:10.
67-The Quran 76:3.
68-Al-Shaikh al-Sadduq, Al-Tawheed, p. 361.
69-Al-Muqdad al-Sayuri, p. 39.
70-The Quran 2:213.
71-The Quran 2:177.
72-The Quran 3:169.
73-Al-Alama al-Hili, Nahj al-Haq wa kashfal-sidq,
p. 376.
74-Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 6 p. 220.
75-The Quran 21:28.
76-The Quran 34:23.
77-Masnad Ahmed, vol. 5 p. 149.
78-Ibid vol. 3, p. 63.
79-Al-Majlisi, op. cit., vol. 8 p. 37.
80-The Quran 53:39.
81-The Quran 99:7-8.
82-The Quran 45:18.
83-Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Duroos fi Ilm usool
al-fikh, p.13.
84-The Quran 45:18.
85-The Quran 59:7.
86-Al-Kulaini, Al-usool min al-Kafi, vol. 1, p.
59.
87-Al-Kulaini, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 6.
88-Ibid.
89-Rijal al-Kushi, vol. 2, p. 489.
90-Al-Kulaini, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 62.
91-Al-Shatibi, Kitqab al-Muwafaqat, vol. 4 p.
74.
92-Al-Khateeb al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, vol.
13, p. 368.
93-Al-Tahawe, Usool al-Ahkam, Vol. 2, p. 155.
94-Ijtihad: logical deduction on a legal or
theological issue by a learned jurist or theologian who
would be called 'mujtahid' (Translator's note).
95-Asharia: A group founded by Abu al-Hassan al-Ashari
(260-324 A.H.) they held that God had eternal attributes
distinct from his essence such as his knowledge, speech
and that it was by these that he was knowing, seeing and
speaking they also maintained that good and evil is
willed by God (Translator's note) .
96-Al-Mutazila: a group founded in the second Hijri
century by Wasil ibn Ata. They affirmed that God has no
attributes distinct from his essence and rejected the
doctrine of predestination.
97-Narrated by ibn Jarir in his commentary on the
verse and similarly by al-Zamakshari and al-Kashaf;
al-Sayuti, Al-Dur al-Manthur; Al-Mutaki al-Hindi, Kanz
al-Umal, vol. 6, p. 48. Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzool.
98-Ibn Abd al-Bur al-Qurtubi, Al-Istiab, vol.
3, p. 38.
99-Al-Tabarani, Al-Mujam al-Kabeer, vol. 11, p.
55.
100-Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Al-Fatwa al-Wadha,
p. 98.
101-Qiyas: It is a method of analogical reasoning used
by juriconsults to define a rule which is not explicitly
provided for in the Quran or the tradition.
102-Istihsan: It is used in the exegesis of the Quran
and the Prophet's tradition and stems from a rejection of
Qiyas and acceptance of the expediency rule.
103-The Quran 2:256.
104-The Quran 15:9.
105-The Quran 75:17.
106-Al-Shaikh al-Tebrasi, Majmu al-Bayyan fi
Tafseer al-Quran.
107-Cited by al-Shaikh al-Balaghi, Ala al-Rahma fi
Tafseer al-Quran, vol. 1, p.18.
108-Al-Shaikh al-Sadduq, al-Itikadat, p.59.
109-Abu al-Qassim al-Khoui, Al-Bayyan fi Tafseer
al-Quran, p 217.
110-Reference is made here to the versions of the
Quran burned by Othman after the collection of the Quran.
111-The Quran 3:7.
112-The Quran 3:7.
113-A-Raghib al-Asfahani, Mujam Alfath al-Quran.
114-Al-Razi, Mukhtar al-Sihah.
115-Al-Majlisi, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 47, p.
271.
116-Ibid.
117-The Quran 15:9.
118-The Quran 75:17.
119-Abu al-Qassim al-Khoui, Majmu al-Bayyan fi
Tafseer al-Quran, p. 221.
120-Al-Kulaini, Al-Usool min al-Kafi, vol. 2.
121-The Quran 12:2.
122-The Quran 16:64.
123-The Quran 47:24.
124-Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Duroos fi Ilm al-Fikh,
p. 82.
125-The Quran 42:13.
126-The Quran 3:103.
127-The Quran 42:13.
