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Obtaining a Domain Name
Running a DNS server and obtaining a domain name are two tasks
that are intimately intertwined. Without a domain name, a DNS server won't do you
much good, at least not for external connectivity, because it's the domain name
entries in the TLD name servers that point to your own DNS servers.NOTE
align=left border=0> If you're running a DNS server on a private local network,
you can make up your own domain name, but be sure to pick one that's not used
in the real world. One good way to do this is to pick a TLD that's not in
use, such as .invalid .
Today, there are two main types of domain names: Country Code TLDs These TLDs
(often abbreviated ccTLDs ) are assigned to
specific countries. For instance, .us
stands for the United States and .cc
belongs to the Cocos Islands. Generic TLDs These TLDs (often abbreviated gTLDs )
are not officially tied to geography, and are the most sought-after type. Examples
include .com , .net , .org , and .gov . Starting in 2001, several new gTLDs are being added, such as .biz and .museum .Registration processes differ depending upon
whether you want a ccTLD or a gTLD, and even for the specific TLD within each
of those categories. In most cases, you'll obtain your domain name through a domain name registrar. These are organizations that
are authorized to submit changes to add domains to specific TLDs. Most
registrars can register domains in the .com , .org , and .net TLDs, as
well as at least some of the new TLDs. Some countries, such as the Cocos
Islands, have commercialized their ccTLDs by allowing commercial registrars to
register domains within those ccTLDs, even if the individuals or organizations
obtaining the domains have no relationship to the host country. There are
several lists of domain registrars, such as
year.Some TLDs, such as the .gov and .edu gTLDs and
most ccTLDs, have a more closed registration process. To use such a TLD, you
must typically send e-mail or paperwork to the authority that's responsible for
that TLD. (Some registrars may do this for you, but you'll probably pay more
for such a service.) A list of ccTLDs, including links to some basic contact
information, is available at
align=left border=0> The .us TLD's
administration changed in late 2001. Before then, it was administered in a
strictly geographical manner, but domains directly in .us are
scheduled to become available in 2002. Consult
Some domains, particularly in ccTLDs, are
issued as subdomains. For instance, the .uk
hierarchy includes subdomains for particular purposes, such as .gov.uk and .co.uk ; you can't normally obtain a domain that's directly
under the .uk TLD. Policies for
each of the subdomains off of such ccTLDs may vary. For instance, .gov.uk domains are devoted to UK
government agencies, whereas .co.uk
domains are commercial (akin to domains under the .com gTLD).When you register for a domain name, you'll have to provide
some basic information, including a postal address and telephone number. You'll
also have to provide the IP addresses of two DNS servers that will handle that
domain's DNS lookups. If you run your own DNS servers, you can provide these
addresses yourself. If you want to let somebody else handle your external DNS
needs, though, you'll find yourself in a conundrum: To obtain DNS service, you
need a registered domain, and to register a domain, you need DNS service. You
can break out of this cycle by using the DNS service offered by your registrar.
Most DNS providers also offer some sort of procedure to sign up for service
before your domain is fully registered.
