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Chapter 8. Internationalization
Internationalization is the process of making a program flexible
enough to run correctly in any locale. The required corollary to
internationalization is localizationthe process of arranging
for a program to run in a specific locale.There are several distinct steps to the task of internationalization.
Java (1.1 and later) addresses these steps with several different
mechanisms:
- A program must be able to read, write, and manipulate localized text.
Java uses the Unicode character encoding, which by itself is a huge
step toward internationalization. In addition, the
InputStreamReader and
OutputStreamWriter classes convert text from a
locale-specific encoding to Unicode and from Unicode to a
locale-specific encoding, respectively. - A program must conform to local customs when displaying dates and
times, formatting numbers, and sorting strings. Java addresses these
issues with the classes in the java.text package. - A program must display all user-visible text in the local language.
Translating the messages a program displays is always one of the main
tasks in localizing a program. A more important task is writing the
program so that all user-visible text is fetched at runtime, rather
than hardcoded directly into the program. Java facilitates this
process with the ResourceBundle class and its
subclasses in the java.util package.
This chapter discusses all three aspects of internationalization.
