Linux.Desktop.Hacks [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Hack 51. Ultimate Terminal Transparency

You want a lightweight terminal, but you want
it to look cool.

You can set a number of terminal
programs to have their own graphics
backgrounds or to be "transparent,"
so that your wallpaper shows through, which really makes the terminal
look good. Transparency seems to be the trendy look these days.

The only problem with true transparency is that you need to stick
with monochromatic wallpaper for it to work. If you have wallpaper
with both bright and dark patterns, you're in
trouble (Figure 7-1). It doesn't
matter if you set your text color to black or white. Depending on
where the text shows up on your colorful wallpaper,
you'll be able to read some text, and other text
will blend into the background and disappear.

Figure 7-1. A hard-to-read transparent terminal

Sure, Figure 7-1 looks pretty, but one could go
blind trying to read the text. Heavyweight programs such as KDE
Konsole or a GNOME terminal solve this problem nicely. But it seems
counterproductive to run a lightweight window manager only to load
heavyweight terminals just to get a cool tinted transparency. Xorg (a
fork of the XFree86 X Windows project) has experimental transparency
features [Hack #34] that will
solve this problem for all terminals, but it is currently unstable.
Until Xorg works out the bugs, aterm,
urxvt, and some settings in
.Xdefaults come to the rescue.

7.4.1. Tint Your urxvt

At least two relatively
lightweight terminalsa
Unicode version of rxvt, called
urxvt, and
atermprovide the ability to tint the
transparent background. A project called mrxvt
that lets you open multiple terminals in a single window also offers
this feature. But the
mrxvt project is such a quickly moving target I
cannot recommend any settings until it matures further.

In the case of urxvt, the terminal will still be
transparent so that it shows the desktop wallpaper as its background.
But urxvt can modify the background by applying
a colored tint to adjust the view of the desktop wallpaper. You
define the color of the tint and the level of shading of the tint,
and you can do it all in your .Xdefaults file [Hack #50] so that you never have to
remember the command-line parameters. Starting with
urxvt, here are the settings to add to your
~/.Xdefaults file to get the results, as shown
in Figure 7-2.

urxvt*inheritPixmap: True
urxvt*tintColor: green
urxvt*shading: 70
urxvt*fading: 70

The added green tint with a shading value of 70 makes a huge
difference in the legibility of the text, doesn't
it?

Here are two more tips: I find it very useful to set the termName to rxvt. Some versions of Linux do not recognize urxvt as a valid terminal type and therefore do not format text properly. Also, urxvt has a resource setting called fading that determines how much the text will fade when the window loses focus.

Figure 7-2. Transparent and tinted urxvt terminal

7.4.2. aterm Is a Beautiful Thing to Tint

The terminal shown in Figure 7-2 is
urxvt, but aterm looks
identical with the suggested settings. Here's all
you have to do to get the same useful transparency from
aterm. Fire up your favorite editor, add these
settings to your .Xdefaults file, and then run
aterm:

Aterm*transparent: true
Aterm*tintingType: true
Aterm*tinting: green
Aterm*shading: 80

If you have your system set up to use multiple text colors, one of
those colors might be difficult to read no matter what color you pick
for a tint. Pick dark green, and the dark green text is hard to read.
Pick dark blue, and the dark blue text is hard to read. I simply
tweak the shading values to make the tint lighter or darker until I
find a happy medium where I can read all the text colors. I recommend
you do the same if you like this effect.