C.Plus.Plus.Primer.4th.Edition [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

Chapter 1. Getting Started

CONTENTS

Section 1.1 Writing a Simple C++ Program

2

Section 1.2 A First Look at Input/Output

5

Section 1.3 A Word About Comments

10

Section 1.4 Control Structures

11

Section 1.5 Introducing Classes

20

Section 1.6 The C++ Program

25

Chapter Summary

28

Defined Terms

28

This chapter introduces most of the basic elements of C++: built-in, library, and class types; variables; expressions; statements; and functions. Along the way, we'll briefly explain how to compile and execute a program.

Having read this chapter and worked through the exercises, the reader should be able to write, compile, and execute simple programs. Subsequent chapters will explain in more detail the topics introduced here.

Learning a new programming language requires writing programs. In this chapter, we'll write a program to solve a simple problem that represents a common data-processing task: A bookstore keeps a file of transactions, each of which records the sale of a given book. Each transaction contains an ISBN (International Standard Book Number, a unique identifier assigned to most books published throughout the world), the number of copies sold, and the price at which each copy was sold. Each transaction looks like

0-201-70353-X 4 24.99

where the first element is the ISBN, the second is the number of books sold, and the last is the sales price. Periodically the bookstore owner reads this file and computes the number of copies of each title sold, the total revenue from that book, and the average sales price. We want to supply a program do these computations.

Before we can write this program we need to know some basic features of C++. At a minimum we'll need to know how to write, compile, and execute a simple program. What must this program do? Although we have not yet designed our solution, we know that the program must

Define variables

Do input and output

Define a data structure to hold the data we're managing

Test whether two records have the same ISBN

Write a loop that will process every record in the transaction file

We'll start by reviewing these parts of C++ and then write a solution to our bookstore problem.