Professional ASP.NET 1.1 [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

The ASP.NET List Controls

The fourth group of controls that are part of ASP.NET is the range of list controls. This includes the familiar listbox and drop-down list, implemented using the HTML

<select> element. However, there are several other very useful list controls as well, as shown in the following table:

These controls further reinforce the fact that the Web Form controls can save huge amounts of effort when creating interactive web pages, in particular when the values for the lists come from some dynamic data source such as a database. We will look in detail at the concepts of data binding in Chapter 7, and we will postpone the discussion of the three more complex types of list control until then. In this chapter, let's concentrate on the first five of the controls just listed.

The ListControl Base Class

previous section on the Web Form controls. It adds to these some other members, as the next table suggests, which are therefore available for all the list controls:

The Specific List Control Classes

All the list controls described in this chapter add properties and a method to the base class from which they inherit, as shown in the following table:

Using the ASP List Controls

In general, use the list controls in the same way as the basic ASP.NET Web Form controls examined in the previous chapter.

Here, we will concentrate on the properties specific to list controls, as shown in the previous tables. We will follow this up towards the end of this section with a look at the way details about the selected items in a list control are retrieved.

The ASP:DropDownList Control

The ASP.NET

DropDownList control creates basically the same output in the browser as the default

HtmlSelect list in the previous chapter. It generates an HTML

<select> element with no

size attribute. Thus, only one item in the list is visible and it behaves as a 'drop-down' selection list.

Since the control is bound to the same

HashTable as the one used with the

HtmlSelect control, you can see that it creates the same five

<option> elements within the

<select> element. Setting the

BackColor ,

BorderColor , and

ForeColor properties performs the formatting of the control, and we have also turned on

AutoPostBack . This adds the

onchange attribute to the

<select> element, as shown in Figure 6-21:

Figure 6-21:

Notice the

SelectedValue property. We set the

SelectedIndex property to

3 , and this selected the item Microsoft. The code in the example page then reads the properties of the control, including the

SelectedValue , and sets the drop-down list in the lower half of the page to the matching values (in this case 49.56). As an alternative, uncheck the Set box next to the

SelectedIndex property, choose a value in the

SelectedValue drop-down list, and then click Update. This selects the item you choose in the list.

The sourcecode used for creating the server control in this page is:

<ASP:DropDownList id="MyControl" runat="server" /> 

To see the effects of data binding to the

HashTable data source, swap over the

DataTextField and

DataValueField properties. The list will show the contents of the 'field' selected as the

DataTextField property, and use the contents of the 'field' specified as the

DataValueField to fill the

value attributes of each

<option> element.

The ASP:ListBox Control

To create a listbox rather than a drop-down list, use the

ListBox control, as shown in Figure 6-22. This has a couple of extra properties that specify the size and behavior of the list. Firstly, you can specify how many items will be displayed by setting the

Rows property (which sets the

size attribute–notice how the property names are common across the Web Form controls, hiding the inconsistent HTML attribute names).

Figure 6-22:

The sourcecode used for creating the server control in this page is:

<ASP:ListBox id="MyControl" runat="server" /> 

You can also permit multiple selections to be made in the list by setting the

SelectionMode property to a value from the

ListSelectionMode enumeration. The

Multiple value simply adds the

multiple="multiple" attribute to the output so that the Shift and Ctrl key can be used to select more than one item in the list.

The ASP:CheckBoxList and ASP:RadioButtonList Controls

Two exciting and useful controls are part of the Web Form list control range: the

CheckBoxList and

RadioButtonList . These create a list containing one or more checkboxes or radio buttons, and they automatically set the value and the text (for the caption) of each one. When used in conjunction with data binding, as in the demonstration pages, these controls can really reduce development time.

Figure 6-23 shows the standard results for a

RadioButtonList control when data-bound to the same

HashTable as that used in the previous examples. The

CheckBoxList control is identical except that it creates a list of checkboxes (as you'd expect). You can see that the output generated is an HTML table containing

<input type="radio"> and

<label> elements:

Figure 6-23:

The sourcecode for creating the server control in this page is:

<ASP:CheckBoxList id="MyControl" runat="server" /> 

However, this is not the only output format you can create. In Figure 6-24, you can see that the controls are laid out inline, rather than in a table. This is because the

RepeatLayout property is set to

Flow , and the

RepeatDirection to

Horizontal (using members of the appropriate enumerations). Also, the

RepeatColumns property is set to

3 so that the controls appear in threes across the page:

Figure 6-24:

The captions are now the values rather than the company names, which are now the

value attributes of the radio buttons. This was achieved by simply swapping the

DataTextField and

DataValueField settings. As the numeric values are now visible for each option, they are formatted as currency by setting the

DataTextFormatString to a suitable format expression. This example used

Bid:{0:C} to output the literal characters Bid: and convert the numerical value to currency format, but you can substitute others to experiment.

Reacting to Change Events

The Events demonstration page used in the previous section to show the events for button controls also shows how you can react to the

Change event exposed by all the Web Form list controls. When you make a selection in the

RadioButtonList or the

DropDownList control, the page displays information about that event (see Figure 6-25):

Figure 6-25:

The

RadioButtonList and

DropDownList controls are defined in the page using explicit values for their contents, rather than data-binding as in the previous examples. However, you must define the contents using

ListItem elements rather than

<option> elements. Notice that the

Text property is set to the string you want appearing in the visible portion of the list in this example, and not provided as the content of the element as is done when

<option> elements are used. However, either approach is valid.

<asp:DropDownList id="MyDropDownList" runat="server" 
OnSelectedIndexChanged="MyListChangeCode" AutoPostBack="true"> 
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 1" Value="Value 1" /> 
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 2" Value="Value 2" /> 
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 3" Value="Value 3" /> 
</asp:DropDownList> 
 
<asp:RadioButtonList id="MyRadioList" runat="server" 
OnSelectedIndexChanged="MyListChangeCode" AutoPostBack="true"> 
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 1" Value="Value 1" /> 
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 2" Value="Value 2" /> 
<asp:ListItem Text="Option 3" Value="Value 3" /> 
</asp:RadioButtonList> 

You can also see how easy it is to define the individual radio buttons that make up the

RadioButtonList control (the same technique is used with a

CheckBoxList control). You have to specify only the

ListItem element and its properties. The list control knows what type of items to create for the list, and automatically generates the correct HTML.

Extracting Values from List Controls

The two list controls have their

AutoPostBack property set to

True , so the page will be submitted to the server when the current selection is changed. They have their

OnSelectedIndexChanged property set to point to an event handler named

MyListChangeCode , which (as usual) is executed on the server when the page is submitted.

The Code for Handling Selection Changes

The code for the

MyListChangeCode event handler is shown in the following code. It displays the

ID of the control that raised the event, and then extracts the selected item

Text and

Value and displays these as well:

Sub MyListChangeCode(objSender As Object, objArgs As EventArgs)
divResult.InnerHtml &= "Change event detected for control '" _
& objSender.ID & "'<br />SelectedIndex is '" _
& objSender.SelectedIndex _
& "', selected item text is '" _
& objSender.SelectedItem.Text _
& "', selected item value is '" _
& objSender.SelectedItem.Value & "'<br />"
End Sub 

Notice how, in this case, you simply access the

SelectedItem property of the list control, which returns a reference to the first item in the list that is selected. In version 1.1, the alternative is simply to query the

SelectedValue property instead:

...
& "', selected item value is '" _
& objSender.SelectedValue & "'<br />" 
...

Bear in mind that this returns the value of the

Value property (or the

value atttribute) of the first selected item. If there is no

Value property or

value attribute, it returns the value of the

Text property (or the literal content of the

ASP:ListItem element).

Extracting Multiple Selected Values from List Controls

Both the lists in the previous example allow only a single selection to be made. This is always the case with a

RadioButtonList . However, you can specify that a

ListBox control will accept multiple selections by setting the

SelectionMode property to the value

ListSelectionMode.Multiple . In a

CheckBoxList , you will usually allow multiple item selection, as this is generally the sole reason for using this type of control.

Multiple selected values from a list control are extracted using exactly the same technique as with the

HtmlSelect control in the previous section. Iterate through all the

ListItem elements in the

Items collection exposed by the list control, checking the

Selected property of each one, and extracting the

Text and

Value properties for those that are selected:

Sub MyCode(objSender As Object, objArgs As EventArgs) 
Dim strResult As String 
strResult = "The following items were selected:<br />" 
Dim objItem As ListItem 
For Each objItem in objSender.Items 
If objItem.Selected Then 
strResult &= objItem.Text & " = " & objItem.Value & "<br />" 
End If 
Next 
outMessage.InnerHtml = strResult 
End Sub