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Perl Best Practices [Electronic resources] - نسخه متنی

Damian Conway

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Table of Contents

Contents of This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Best Practices

Section 1.1. Three Goals

Section 1.2. This Book

Section 1.3. Rehabiting

Chapter 2. Code Layout

Section 2.1. Bracketing

Section 2.2. Keywords

Section 2.3. Subroutines and Variables

Section 2.4. Builtins

Section 2.5. Keys and Indices

Section 2.6. Operators

Section 2.7. Semicolons

Section 2.8. Commas

Section 2.9. Line Lengths

Section 2.10. Indentation

Section 2.11. Tabs

Section 2.12. Blocks

Section 2.13. Chunking

Section 2.14. Elses

Section 2.15. Vertical Alignment

Section 2.16. Breaking Long Lines

Section 2.17. Non-Terminal Expressions

Section 2.18. Breaking by Precedence

Section 2.19. Assignments

Section 2.20. Ternaries

Section 2.21. Lists

Section 2.22. Automated Layout

Chapter 3. Naming Conventions

Section 3.1. Identifiers

Section 3.2. Booleans

Section 3.3. Reference Variables

Section 3.4. Arrays and Hashes

Section 3.5. Underscores

Section 3.6. Capitalization

Section 3.7. Abbreviations

Section 3.8. Ambiguous Abbreviations

Section 3.9. Ambiguous Names

Section 3.10. Utility Subroutines

Chapter 4. Values and Expressions

Section 4.1. String Delimiters

Section 4.2. Empty Strings

Section 4.3. Single-Character Strings

Section 4.4. Escaped Characters

Section 4.5. Constants

Section 4.6. Leading Zeros

Section 4.7. Long Numbers

Section 4.8. Multiline Strings

Section 4.9. Here Documents

Section 4.10. Heredoc Indentation

Section 4.11. Heredoc Terminators

Section 4.12. Heredoc Quoters

Section 4.13. Barewords

Section 4.14. Fat Commas

Section 4.15. Thin Commas

Section 4.16. Low-Precedence Operators

Section 4.17. Lists

Section 4.18. List Membership

Chapter 5. Variables

Section 5.1. Lexical Variables

Section 5.2. Package Variables

Section 5.3. Localization

Section 5.4. Initialization

Section 5.5. Punctuation Variables

Section 5.6. Localizing Punctuation Variables

Section 5.7. Match Variables

Section 5.8. Dollar-Underscore

Section 5.9. Array Indices

Section 5.10. Slicing

Section 5.11. Slice Layout

Section 5.12. Slice Factoring

Chapter 6. Control Structures

Section 6.1. If Blocks

Section 6.2. Postfix Selectors

Section 6.3. Other Postfix Modifiers

Section 6.4. Negative Control Statements

Section 6.5. C-Style Loops

Section 6.6. Unnecessary Subscripting

Section 6.7. Necessary Subscripting

Section 6.8. Iterator Variables

Section 6.9. Non-Lexical Loop Iterators

Section 6.10. List Generation

Section 6.11. List Selections

Section 6.12. List Transformation

Section 6.13. Complex Mappings

Section 6.14. List Processing Side Effects

Section 6.15. Multipart Selections

Section 6.16. Value Switches

Section 6.17. Tabular Ternaries

Section 6.18. do-while Loops

Section 6.19. Linear Coding

Section 6.20. Distributed Control

Section 6.21. Redoing

Section 6.22. Loop Labels

Chapter 7. Documentation

Section 7.1. Types of Documentation

Section 7.2. Boilerplates

Section 7.3. Extended Boilerplates

Section 7.4. Location

Section 7.5. Contiguity

Section 7.6. Position

Section 7.7. Technical Documentation

Section 7.8. Comments

Section 7.9. Algorithmic Documentation

Section 7.10. Elucidating Documentation

Section 7.11. Defensive Documentation

Section 7.12. Indicative Documentation

Section 7.13. Discursive Documentation

Section 7.14. Proofreading

Chapter 8. Built-in Functions

Section 8.1. Sorting

Section 8.2. Reversing Lists

Section 8.3. Reversing Scalars

Section 8.4. Fixed-Width Data

Section 8.5. Separated Data

Section 8.6. Variable-Width Data

Section 8.7. String Evaluations

Section 8.8. Automating Sorts

Section 8.9. Substrings

Section 8.10. Hash Values

Section 8.11. Globbing

Section 8.12. Sleeping

Section 8.13. Mapping and Grepping

Section 8.14. Utilities

Chapter 9. Subroutines

Section 9.1. Call Syntax

Section 9.2. Homonyms

Section 9.3. Argument Lists

Section 9.4. Named Arguments

Section 9.5. Missing Arguments

Section 9.6. Default Argument Values

Section 9.7. Scalar Return Values

Section 9.8. Contextual Return Values

Section 9.9. Multi-Contextual Return Values

Section 9.10. Prototypes

Section 9.11. Implicit Returns

Section 9.12. Returning Failure

Chapter 10. I/O

Section 10.1. Filehandles

Section 10.2. Indirect Filehandles

Section 10.3. Localizing Filehandles

Section 10.4. Opening Cleanly

Section 10.5. Error Checking

Section 10.6. Cleanup

Section 10.7. Input Loops

Section 10.8. Line-Based Input

Section 10.9. Simple Slurping

Section 10.10. Power Slurping

Section 10.11. Standard Input

Section 10.12. Printing to Filehandles

Section 10.13. Simple Prompting

Section 10.14. Interactivity

Section 10.15. Power Prompting

Section 10.16. Progress Indicators

Section 10.17. Automatic Progress Indicators

Section 10.18. Autoflushing

Chapter 11. References

Section 11.1. Dereferencing

Section 11.2. Braced References

Section 11.3. Symbolic References

Section 11.4. Cyclic References

Chapter 12. Regular Expressions

Section 12.1. Extended Formatting

Section 12.2. Line Boundaries

Section 12.3. String Boundaries

Section 12.4. End of String

Section 12.5. Matching Anything

Section 12.6. Lazy Flags

Section 12.7. Brace Delimiters

Section 12.8. Other Delimiters

Section 12.9. Metacharacters

Section 12.10. Named Characters

Section 12.11. Properties

Section 12.12. Whitespace

Section 12.13. Unconstrained Repetitions

Section 12.14. Capturing Parentheses

Section 12.15. Captured Values

Section 12.16. Capture Variables

Section 12.17. Piecewise Matching

Section 12.18. Tabular Regexes

Section 12.19. Constructing Regexes

Section 12.20. Canned Regexes

Section 12.21. Alternations

Section 12.22. Factoring Alternations

Section 12.23. Backtracking

Section 12.24. String Comparisons

Chapter 13. Error Handling

Section 13.1. Exceptions

Section 13.2. Builtin Failures

Section 13.3. Contextual Failure

Section 13.4. Systemic Failure

Section 13.5. Recoverable Failure

Section 13.6. Reporting Failure

Section 13.7. Error Messages

Section 13.8. Documenting Errors

Section 13.9. OO Exceptions

Section 13.10. Volatile Error Messages

Section 13.11. Exception Hierarchies

Section 13.12. Processing Exceptions

Section 13.13. Exception Classes

Section 13.14. Unpacking Exceptions

Chapter 14. Command-Line Processing

Section 14.1. Command-Line Structure

Section 14.2. Command-Line Conventions

Section 14.3. Meta-options

Section 14.4. In-situ Arguments

Section 14.5. Command-Line Processing

Section 14.6. Interface Consistency

Section 14.7. Interapplication Consistency

Chapter 15. Objects

Section 15.1. Using OO

Section 15.2. Criteria

Section 15.3. Pseudohashes

Section 15.4. Restricted Hashes

Section 15.5. Encapsulation

Section 15.6. Constructors

Section 15.7. Cloning

Section 15.8. Destructors

Section 15.9. Methods

Section 15.10. Accessors

Section 15.11. Lvalue Accessors

Section 15.12. Indirect Objects

Section 15.13. Class Interfaces

Section 15.14. Operator Overloading

Section 15.15. Coercions

Chapter 16. Class Hierarchies

Section 16.1. Inheritance

Section 16.2. Objects

Section 16.3. Blessing Objects

Section 16.4. Constructor Arguments

Section 16.5. Base Class Initialization

Section 16.6. Construction and Destruction

Section 16.7. Automating Class Hierarchies

Section 16.8. Attribute Demolition

Section 16.9. Attribute Building

Section 16.10. Coercions

Section 16.11. Cumulative Methods

Section 16.12. Autoloading

Chapter 17. Modules

Section 17.1. Interfaces

Section 17.2. Refactoring

Section 17.3. Version Numbers

Section 17.4. Version Requirements

Section 17.5. Exporting

Section 17.6. Declarative Exporting

Section 17.7. Interface Variables

Section 17.8. Creating Modules

Section 17.9. The Standard Library

Section 17.10. CPAN

Chapter 18. Testing and Debugging

Section 18.1. Test Cases

Section 18.2. Modular Testing

Section 18.3. Test Suites

Section 18.4. Failure

Section 18.5. What to Test

Section 18.6. Debugging and Testing

Section 18.7. Strictures

Section 18.8. Warnings

Section 18.9. Correctness

Section 18.10. Overriding Strictures

Section 18.11. The Debugger

Section 18.12. Manual Debugging

Section 18.13. Semi-Automatic Debugging

Chapter 19. Miscellanea

Section 19.1. Revision Control

Section 19.2. Other Languages

Section 19.3. Configuration Files

Section 19.4. Formats

Section 19.5. Ties

Section 19.6. Cleverness

Section 19.7. Encapsulated Cleverness

Section 19.8. Benchmarking

Section 19.9. Memory

Section 19.10. Caching

Section 19.11. Memoization

Section 19.12. Caching for Optimization

Section 19.13. Profiling

Section 19.14. Enbugging

Appendix A. Essential Perl Best Practices

Appendix B. Perl Best Practices

Section B.1. Chapter 2, Code Layout

Section B.2. Chapter 3, Naming Conventions

Section B.3. Chapter 4, Values and Expressions

Section B.4. Chapter 5, Variables

Section B.5. Chapter 6, Control Structures

Section B.6. Chapter 7, Documentation

Section B.7. Chapter 8, Built-in Functions

Section B.8. Chapter 9, Subroutines

Section B.9. Chapter 10, I/O

Section B.10. Chapter 11, References

Section B.11. Chapter 12, Regular Expressions

Section B.12. Chapter 13, Error Handling

Section B.13. Chapter 14, Command-Line Processing

Section B.14. Chapter 15, Objects

Section B.15. Chapter 16, Class Hierarchies

Section B.16. Chapter 17, Modules

Section B.17. Chapter 18, Testing and Debugging

Section B.18. Chapter 19, Miscellanea

Appendix C. Editor Configurations

Section C.1. vim

Section C.2. vile

Section C.3. Emacs

Section C.4. BBEdit

Section C.5. TextWrangler

Appendix D. Recommended Modules and Utilities

Section D.1. Recommended Core Modules

Section D.2. Recommended CPAN Modules

Section D.3. Utility Subroutines

توضیحات

افزودن یادداشت جدید

18.1. Test Cases

Write the test cases first .

Probably the single best practice in all of software development is writing your test suite first.

A test suite is an executable, self-verifying

specification of the behaviour of a piece of software. If you have a test suite, you canat any point in the development processverify that the code works as expected. If you have a test suite, you canafter any changes during the maintenance cycleverify that the code is

still working as expected.

So write the tests first. Write them as soon as you know what your interface will be (see "Interfaces" in Chapter 17). Write them

before you start coding your application or module. Because unless you have tests, you have no unequivocal specification of what the software is supposed to do, and no way of knowing whether it does it.