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R
ragged hierarchy
A dimension hierarchy in which one or more levels do not contain members in one or more branches of the hierarchy. For example, the state or province level in a geography hierarchy contains no members for countries that do not have states or provinces. See also unbalanced hierarchy.
range query
A query that specifies a range of values as part of the search criteria, such as all rows from 10 through 100.
rank
For full-text and SQL Server Books Online searches, a value indicating how closely rows or topics match the specified search criteria. For Meta Data Services and Analysis Services, a rank is a value indicating the relative positions of elements such as dimension members, hierarchy levels, or tuples in a set.
RDBMS
See relational database management system (RDBMS).
real data type
A SQL Server system data type that has seven-digit precision (floating precision number data from –3.40E + 38 through 3.40E + 38; storage size is four bytes).
record
A group of related fields (columns) of information treated as a unit. A record is more commonly called a row in a SQL database.
recordset
The ActiveX Database Objects (ADO) object used to contain a result set. The recordset also exhibits cursor behavior depending on the recordset properties set by an application. ADO recordsets are mapped to OLE DB rowsets.
recovery interval
The maximum amount of time that the database engine should require to recover a database. The database engine ensures that the active portion of the database log is small enough to recover the database in the amount of time specified for the recovery interval.
recursive partitioning
The iterative process used by data mining algorithm providers of dividing data into groups until no more useful groups can be found.
redo log file
See backup file.
redundant array of independent disks (RAID)
A method used with physical drives to provide fault tolerance. There are different levels of RAID that combine striping of data across the disks and mirroring of data in different configurations. Different RAID levels provide different mixes of cost, performance, and fault tolerance.
referenced key
A primary key or unique key referenced by a foreign key.
referencing key
See foreign key (FK).
referential integrity (RI)
A state in which all foreign key values in a database are valid. For a foreign key to be valid, it must contain either a null value or an existing key value from the primary or unique key columns referenced by the foreign key.
reflexive relationship
A relationship from a column or combination of columns in a table to other columns in that same table. A reflexive relationship is used to compare rows within the same table. In queries, this comparison is called a self- join.
refresh data
The series of operations that clears data from a cube, loads the cube with new data from the data warehouse, and calculates aggregations. Refresh data is used when a cube’s underlying data in the data warehouse changes but the cube’s structure and aggregation definitions remain the same. The refresh data is one of three processing options for a cube. See also incremental update, process.
regular cube
A cube that is based on tables and has its own aggregations.
regular dimension
A dimension that is neither a parent-child dimension nor a virtual dimension.
relational database
A collection of information organized in tables. Each table models a class of objects that are of interest to the organization (for example, Customers, Parts, and Suppliers). Each column in a table models an attribute of the object (for example, LastName, Price, and Color). Each row in a table represents one entity in the class of objects modeled by the table (for example, the customer name John Smith or the part number 1346). Queries can use data from one table to find related data in other tables.
relational database management system (RDBMS)
A system that organizes data into related rows and columns. SQL Server is an RDBMS.
relational OLAP (ROLAP)
A storage mode that uses tables in a relational database to store multidimensional structures. See also hybrid OLAP (HOLAP), multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP).
relationship
A link between tables that references the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table. The relationship line is represented in a database diagram by a solid line if referential integrity between the tables is enforced or a dashed line if referential integrity is not enforced for INSERT and UPDATE transactions. The endpoints of a relationship line show a primary key symbol to denote a primary key-to-foreign key relationship, or they show an infinity symbol (`) to denote the foreign key side of a one-to-many relationship.In English Query, a relationship is an association between entities that describes what those entities have to do with one another. Relationships can be described concisely in English as simple statements about entities (for example, customers purchase products). More than one join might be required to represent a single relationship.In Meta Data Services, a relationship is an association between a pair of objects where one object is an origin and the other object is a destination. The association repeats for each subsequent pair of objects so that the destination of one relationship becomes the origin in the next relationship. In this way, all objects in an information model are associated through a chain of relationships that extends from one object to the next throughout the information model.
relationship object
An object representing a pair of objects that assume a role in relation to each other. See also sequenced relationship.
relationship type
A definition of a relationship between two interfaces, as defined in an information model. A relationship type is similar to a class in that it describes characteristics to which specific instances must conform.
remote data
Data stored in an OLE DB data source that is separate from the current instance of SQL Server. The data is accessed by establishing a linked server definition or by using an ad hoc connector name.
remote Distributor
A server configured as a Distributor that is separate from the server configured as the Publisher. See also Distributor, local Distributor.
remote login identification
The login identification (login ID) assigned to a user for accessing remote procedures on a remote server.
remote partition
A partition whose data is stored on an Analysis server other than the one used to store the metadata of the partition.
remote server
A definition of an instance of SQL Server used by remote stored procedure calls. Remote servers are still supported in SQL Server 2000, but linked servers offer greater functionality. See also local server.
remote stored procedure
A stored procedure located on one instance of SQL Server that is executed by a statement on another instance of SQL Server. In SQL Server 2000, remote stored procedures are supported, but distributed queries offer greater functionality.
remote table
A table stored in an OLE DB data source that is separate from the current instance of SQL Server. The table is accessed by either establishing a linked server definition or by using an ad hoc connector name.
replicated data
Data at the Subscriber that has been received from a Publisher.
replication
A process that copies and distributes data and database objects from one database to another and then synchronizes information between databases for consistency.
replication scripting
The generation of .SQL scripts that can be used to configure and disable replication.
replication topology
Defines the relationship between servers and the copies of data and clarifies the logic that determines how data flows between servers.
repository
The storage container for the metadata used by Analysis Services. Metadata is stored in tables in a relational database and is used to define the parameters and properties of Analysis server objects.
repository engine
Object-oriented software that provides management support for and customer access to a repository database.
repository object
A COM object that represents a data construct stored in a repository type library.
Repository SQL schema
A set of standard tables used by the repository engine to manage all repository objects, relationships, and collections. Repository SQL schema maps information model elements to SQL schema elements.
Repository Type Information Model (RTIM)
A core object model that represents repository type definitions for Meta Data Services. This object model is composed of abstract classes upon which instances of information models are based.
republish
When a Subscriber publishes data received from a Publisher to another Subscriber.
republisher
A Subscriber that publishes data that it has received from a Publisher.
resolution strategy
A set of criteria that the repository engine evaluates sequentially when selecting an object (where multiple versions exist and version information is unspecified in the calling program).
restatement
In English Query, a query that is a check on the query entered by the end user. Restatements give end users a check that the English Query engine interpreted their question correctly. If the restatement is accurate, the correct SQL statements will be generated, and the returned answer will be valid.
result
In English Query, an English answer to a question that has been posed to an English Query application.
result set
The set of rows returned from a SELECT statement. The format of the rows in the result set is defined by the column list of the SELECT statement.
return parameters
A legacy term for stored procedure output parameters used in the Open Data Services and DB-Library application programming interfaces (APIs).
reusable bookmark
A bookmark that can be consumed from a rowset for a given table and used on a different rowset of the same table to position on a corresponding row.
revoke
The process of removing a previously granted or denied permission from a user account, role, or group in the current database.
RI
See referential integrity (RI).
right outer join
A type of outer join in which all rows in the rightmost table in the JOIN clause are included. When rows in the right table are not matched in the left table, all result set columns that come from the left table are assigned a null value.
ROLAP
See relational OLAP (ROLAP).
role
A SQL Server security account that is a collection of other security accounts that can be treated as a single unit when managing permissions. A role can contain SQL Server logins, other roles, and Windows logins or groups.In Analysis Services, a role uses Windows security accounts to limit the scope of access and permissions when users access databases, cubes, dimensions, and data mining models. See also rule.
roll forward
To apply all the completed transactions from a database or log backup in order to recover a database to a point in time or to the point of failure (for example, after events such as the loss of a disk).
rollback
To remove the updates performed by one or more partially completed transactions. Rollbacks are required to restore the integrity of a database after an application, database, or system failure. See also commit.
row
In a SQL table, the collection of elements that forms a horizontal line in the table. Each row in the table represents a single occurrence of the object modeled by the table and stores the values for all of the attributes of that object. For example, in the Northwind sample database, the Employees table models the employees of the Northwind Traders Company. The first row in the table records all the information (for example, name and title) about the employee who has employee ID 1. See also column.
row aggregate function
A function that generates summary values that appear as additional rows in the query results (unlike aggregate function results that appear as new columns). This function allows you to see detail and summary rows in one set of results. Row aggregate functions (SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, and COUNT) are used in a SELECT statement with the COMPUTE clause.
row filter
Specifies a subset of rows from a table to be published and when specific rows need to be propagated to Subscribers.
row lock
A lock on a single row in a table.
rowset
The OLE DB object used to contain a result set. The rowset also exhibits cursor behavior depending on the rowset properties that an application sets.
RTIM
See Repository Type Information Model (RTIM).
rule
A database object that is bound to columns or user-defined data types and specifies which data values are acceptable in a column. CHECK constraints provide the same functionality and are preferred because they are in the SQL-92 standard. In Analysis Services, a rule specifies restrictions such as Unrestricted, Fully Restricted, or Custom for security read and read/write role permissions. See also role.
