S
- segment
- A piece of application data chopped into a transportable size by TCP and wrapped with a TCP header.
- segmentation
- The process of chopping up application data into chunks small enough to fit inside a TCP segment and IP packet.
- sequence number
- In order to ensure that the destination machine can correctly reassemble inbound TCP segments, TCP applies a serial or sequence number to each segment's header. The receiving machine can use this number to both reassemble incoming data correctly and to deduce which segments might have been lost in transit.
- session
- The flow of communications between two computer systems.
- sliding window
- A dynamic approach to controlling TCP window size. Rather than hard-code the window size, it makes sense to allow TCP to figure out what the right window size is, based on network performance. In other words, the actual size of the window can slide up or down in response to changes in the network's state. The window size identifies the number of octets or bytes that can be transmitted without having received an acknowledgment back from the destination machine.
- SMTP
- Electronic mail is carried through the Internet via Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
- socket
- The concatenation of the source machine's IP address and source port address together with the destination machine's IP and port address. Together they uniquely identify a specific communications session between the source computer and destination application. Unlike destination source ports, a computer can assign different source port numbers to accommodate the possibility of two or more copies of the same program running simultaneously. The ability to change the source port number guarantees that a socket can uniquely identify a specific communications session.
- source machine
- The networked device that originates a communications session.
- subnet mask
- A subnet mask builds upon the network mask by also indicating the subnetwork address bits with 1s. Just like the network mask, a subnet mask can be expressed in either decimal (which is most commonly encountered) or binary forms. Only the host address bits are expressed with 0s in the binary form of a subnet mask.
- subnetting
- Subnetting is a process by which the host address field of an IP address is split into two parts, thereby creating a third level of addressing. The three address levels are network, subnetwork, and host address.
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