Conventions Used in This Book
This book uses the following typographical conventions:
Italic
Used for commands, programs, and options. Italic also indicates new
terms, URLs, filenames and file extensions, and directories.
Constant Width
Used to show the contents of files or the output from commands.
Constant width is also used to indicate domains, types, roles,
macros, processes, policy elements, aliases, rules, and operations.
Constant Width Bold
Used in examples and tables to show commands or other text that
should be typed literally by the user.
Constant Width Italic
Used in examples and tables to show text that should be replaced with
user-supplied values.

This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.

This icon signifies a warning or caution.
A final word about syntax: in many cases, the space between an option
and its argument can be omitted. In other cases, the spacing (or lack
of spacing) must be followed strictly. For example,
-wn (no
intervening space) might be interpreted differently from -w
n. Its important to notice the spacing
used in option syntax.
Keyboard Accelerators
In a keyboard accelerator (such as Ctrl-Alt-Del), a dash indicates
that the keys should be held down simultaneously, whereas a space
means that the keys should be pressed sequentially. For example,
Ctrl-Esc indicates that the Control
and Escape keys should be held down simultaneously, whereas Ctrl
Esc means that the Control and
Escape keys should be pressed sequentially.
IF a keyboard accelerator contains an uppercase letter, you should
not type the Shift key unless its given explicitly.
For example, Ctrl-C indicates that
you should press the Control and C keys; Ctrl-Shift-C indicates that you should press the Control,
Shift, and C keys.