لطفا منتظر باشید ...
FOOTNOTES
1. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Life of the
Prophet), Ibn Hisham, vol. l, p.205.
2. Historians gave different dates for
the Prophet's birth. Some said he was born on the 17th of
the month, while others said on the 12th of it.
3. The year of the Elephant coincided
with the year 570 AD.
4. Nahj al-Balaghah (Peaks of
Eloquence) - Commander of the faithful, Imam Ali bin
Abi-Talib (a.s.), Subhi al-Salih, 1st ed., 1967, p.300.
5. Bihar al-Anwar (Seas of Lights),
Shaikh al-Majlisi, vol. 15, Tehran, p.363.
6&7 Al-Wafa
bi-Ahwal al-Mustapha (Detailed Account of the Life of the
Chosen Prophet), Ibn al-Jowzi, vol. l, p.133; Al-Bihar
vol. 15, p.410.
8. Historians said that Abdul-Muttalib
himself chose his son, Abu-Talib to be the guardian of
the Prophet (s.a.w.), even though he was neither his
elder son nor the wealthiest, but he was the full brother
of Abdullah the father of the Prophet (s.a.w.).
9. Suwar min Hayat Muhammad (Images
from the Life of Muhammad), Amin Duwaidar, Dar al-Ma'arif
- Egypt, p.76.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Al-Bihar , vol. 16, p.13; Sirat
Ibn Hisham, vol. l, p.201 : al-Hamis (The Margin), 1936.
13. Many historians agreed that
Khadijah was not a virgin when the Messenger of Allah
(s.a.w.) took her as his wife. She was, they asserted,
forty years old. But many other historians had other
versions: Ibn Shahr Ashub in his book, Ahmad al-Baladhari
and Abul-Qasim al-Kufi in their books; Al-Murtada in his
book al-Shafi (The Curer), and Abu-Ja'far in his book
al-Talikhis (Summarization) stressed that the Prophet
(s.a.w.) married Khadijah and she was a virgin. In the
two books of al-Anwar (The Lights) and al-Bida' (The
Innovations) it is mentioned that Ruqayyah and Zainab
were, in fact, the daughters of Halah, the sister of
Khadijah and not Khadijah's. Many historians claim that
Ruqayyah and Zainab were the daughters of Khadijah from
her previous husband. As far as her age at the time of
marriage is concerned historians differed about it. They
put her age at 25, 28, 30, 35, 40 and 45 years. The
author of the book Kashf al-Ghummah (Removal of Grief)
relates on the authority of Abu-Muhammad Abdul-Aziz
al-Janabidhi al-Hanbali the author of Ma'alim al-Itrah
al-Nabawiyyah (Milestones of the Prophetical Household),
on the authority of Ibn Hammad and Ibn Abbas that the
Messenger of Allah married Khadijah when she was 28 year
old. Her dowery was fixed at 12 ounces of gold.
14. A'lam al-Wara bi-A'lam al-Huda
(Informing people of the Guides of Righteousness),
al-Tabrisi, p.37.
15. Fiqh al-Sirah (Understanding the
Life of the Prophet), Dr. Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Buti,
p.63 quoting from Sahih Muslim (Muslim's book of
traditions).
16. Ibid. For more information see
Suwar min. Hayat Muhammad (Images from the Life of
Muhammad), Amin Duwaydar, pp. 90-91.
17 The Al-Fujjar war broke out
between the Quraish and its allies on one side and the
Hawazin on the other side. It lasted about 20 years. The
Prophet (s.a.w.) took part in it.
18. A type of camel that was highly
valued.
19. Muhammad Rasulullah (s.a.w.)
(Muhammad the Messenger of Allah), Muhammad Rida, p.37
al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah publishing house, Beirut, 1975.
Tahdhib Sirat Ibn Hisham (Revision of History of Ibn
Hisham), Abdul-Salam Harun, 3rd ed., 1964, Cairo, p.41.
20. A'lam al-Wara, p.36.
21. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 15, (How
divine revelation began).
22. Al-Mizan Exegesis, vol. 18,
research based on traditions about ayah 51 of Surah of
al-Shura.
23. Masnad Ibn Hanbal (Book of
Traditions by Ibn Hanbal), vol. 2, p.368: Mustdrak
al-Hakim (Revision of al-Hakim), vol. 4, p.336; Al-Kamil
fi al-Tarikh (The complete Book of History); Ibn
al-Athir, vol. 2, p.22. al-Istia'b (Comprehension), vol.
2, p.459, and many other books.
24. Al-Kamil, vol. 2, p.24. al-Bihar,
vol. 18, p.164. Fiqh al-Sirah, Sheikh Muhammad
al-Ghazali, p.102.
25&26. This
tradition is related by al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan
(Practices) and al-Dala'il (The Signs); Al-Tha'labi and
al-Tabari in their Qur'anic exegesis of Surah of
al-Shua'ra'. Al-Tabari in his History, vol. 2, p.217. Ibn
al-Athir in al-Kamil, vol. 2, p.22; Al-Sirah
al-Halabiyyah (Life of the Prophet), vol. l, p.381: Ahmed
bin Hanbal, vol. l, p. 11 and p.59; al-Nisa'i in
al-Khasa'is (Attributes), p.6, Kanz al-Ummal, vol. 6,
Tradition No. 6008, and other books. It is related in
slightly different words.
27&28. Al-Rasul
(The Messenger), Sa'id Hawwa, vol. l, pp. 93-94-95.
29. Sirat al-Rasul (Life of the
Messenger), Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin al-Amili, pp. 41-42.
30. Ibid.
31. Al-Tha'labi quoted it, in his
exegesis, from Muqatil, Abdullah bin Abbas, al-Qasam bin
Mahdarah and Ata' bin Dinar: Also see: Khazanat al-Adab
(Treasure of Literature), al-Baghdadi, vol. l, p.261:
Tarikh Ibn Kuthayr (History of Ibn Kuthayr), vol. 2,
p.42. al-Isabah (The hit), vol. 4, p.116; Al-Mawahib
(talents), vol. l, p.61: Al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah, vol. l,
p.305: Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Life of the Prophet),
Zaini Dahlan; Hamish al-Halabiyyah (Margin on the Life of
the Prophet), vol. l, p.91 and p.211. Commenteries on
Nahj al-Balaghah, Ibn Abul-Hadid, vol. 3, p.306...etc.
32. Suwar min Hayat Muhammad, p.151.
33. Ibid, p.157: Sirat al-Rasul,
p.43.
34. Sabil al-Huda wa al-Rashad (Path
of Enlightment and Guidance), vol. 2, Ch. 15., p.476.
35. Suwar min Hayat Muhammad, p.156,
quoting from al-Bukhari and Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 18.
36. Suwar min Hayat Muhammad, p.185.
Sirat al-Rasul, pp. 44-45.
37. Tabaqat Ibn Sa'd (The Groups -
Ibn Sa'd), vol. l, p. 173 and p.192. Tarikh al-Ya'qubi,
vol. 2, p. 22. al-Rowd al-Anif (The Fresh Garden), vol.
l, p.231; Khazanat al-Adab al-Baghdadi, vol. l, p.252;
Tarikh Ibn Kuthair. vol. 3, p.84.
38. In the third year after the rise
of the Prophet (s.a.w.) to prophethood. Other dates were
also given by historians.
39. Muhammad Rasul Allah, p. 111.
Kashf al-Ghummah, vol. l, p.16; Tarikh at-Tabari, vol. 2,
p.222; Tarikh Ibn 'Asakir (History of Ibn 'Asakir), vol.
l, p. 284; Mustadrak al-Hakim, vol. 2, p.622; Tarikh Ibn
Kuthair, vol. 3, p. 122.
40. Al-Wafa bi-Ahwal al-Mustafa, vol.
1. p.311; Sirat Ibn Hisham, vol. 3, p.60.
41. Muhammad Rasul Allah, p.113.
42. A'lam al-Wara bi-'Alam al-Huda.
43. Al-Wafa bi-Ahwal al-Mustafa, vol.
l, p.334. al-Mizan Exegesis, vol. 9, Surah of al-Anfal.
44. Ibid.
45. I'lam al-Wara bi 'Alam al-Huda,
p.59.
46. Al-Mizan Exegesis. Research based
on traditions. vol. 9, pp. 79.
47. Ibid, p.81.
48. Ibid, p.80.
49. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 19, pp.
107-109; Rawdat al-Kafai (Garden of al-Kafi), p.339.
50. A'yan al-Shi'a (Outstanding
Shi'ite Personalities), vol. 3, 3rd ed., p.155.
51. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 19. Rawdat
al-Kafi, p.339.
52. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Life of
the Prophet), Ibn Hisham, vol. l, p.145.
53. The Prophet of Allah (s.a.w.)
married Um Salamah after the death of her husband in
Madinah.
54. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Life of
the Prophet), Ibn Hisham, vol. 2, p. 112-113.
55. Al-Wafa bi-Ahwal al-Mustafa
(Detailed Accounts of the Chosen Prophet), Ibn al-Jawzi,
vol. l, p.254.
56. Bihar al-Anwar (Seas of Lights),
Sheikh al-Majlisi, vol. 19, pp. 124-125.
57. Muhammad Rasul Allah (Muhammad
the Messenger Of Allah), Muhammad Rida, p.136.
58. Muhammad al-Mathal al-Kamil
(Muhammad the Perfect Example), Muhammad Jad al-Mawla,
p.313, Beirut-1972.
59. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Life of
the Prophet), Dahlan, vol. 2, p.150 Fraternization
of the Muhajirin and the Ansar.
60. Sahih al-Tirmithi (Al-Tirmithi's
Book of Traditions), vol. 2, p.299, on the authority of
Abdullah bin Umar; Mustadrak al-Sahihain (Revision of the
Authentic Two Books of Traditions), vol. 3, p.14.;
Al-Riyad (The Gardens), al-Muhib al-Tabari, vol. 2,
p.167; Al-Tabaqat (The Classes), vol. 3, part 1, p.13.
For more information see: Fada'il al-Khamsah min al-Sihah
al-Sittah (Excellences of the Five i.e. the Prophet
(s.a.w ), Fatimah, Ali, Hassan and Hussein (upon whom be
the blessings of Allah) from the six Books of
Traditions), vol. l, pp. 318-333, Sayyid al-Fayruzabadi.
61. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 19, p.130;
Al-Mizan (Exegesis of Qur'an), vol. 9, Surah of al-Anfal,
p.142. A research based on traditions, p.143.
62. Al-Rasul (The Messenger of
Allah), Sa'id Hawwah, vol. l, 3rd ed., p.223. al-Sirah
al-Nabawiyyah, Dahlan, p.170.
63. Suwar min Hayat Muhammad (Images
from the Life of Muhammad), p.264. Al-Sirah
al-Nabawiyyah, Dahlan, p.175.
64. Vol. 2, pp. 147-148.
65. Lamahat fi al-Thaqafal
al-Islamiyyah (Glimpses from Islamic culture), Umar Awda
al-Khatib, p.287, 1st edition, 1973, Beirut.
66. Tamarisk's embres remain red-hot
for a long time
67. Al-Haras is a kind of bush with
long thorns.
68. Al-Bihar, vol. 19, p.218;
Al-Mizan, exegesis of the surah of al-An'fal.
69. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyya (Life of
the Prophet), Ibn Hisham, vol. 3, p. 68.
70. Al-Irshad, Sheikh al-Mufid, p.56,
al-Haidariyyah press, Najaf, 3rd ed., 1973.
71. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Life of
the Prophet), Dahlan, vol. 2, pp. 67; Al-Irshad, Shaikh
al-Mufid, p.58.
72. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, vol. 2,
pp. 6-7. Expedition of al-Khandaq.
73. Ibid.
74. Mustadrak al-Sahihayn (Supplement
to the Two Authentic Books of Traditions), vol. 2, p.32,
on the authority of Sufyan al-Thawri. Al-Khatib
al-Baghdadi related it also in Tarikh Baghdad (History of
Baghdad), vol. 13, p.19.
75. Fiqh al-Sirah (Understanding the
Life of the Prophet (s.a.w.)), al-Ghazali, p. 330.
76. Suwar min Hayat Muhammad (Images
from the Life of Muhammad), Amin Duwaidar, p.429. And Fqh
al-Sirah, al-Ghazali, p.330.
77 See Suwar min Hayat
Muhammad, p.453 and al-Sirah, Dahlan, vol. 2, p.8,
and al-Sirah, Ibn Husham, and other books.
78. Sirat al-Rasul, Sayyid Muhsin
al-Amin al-Amili, Truce of al-Hudaibiyyah.
79. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 20,
expedition of al-Hudaibiyyah and the pledge of al-Ridwan.
80. Majma' al-Bayan (Qur'anic
Exegesis ), Allama al-Tabarsi, commentary of the sura of
al-Fath.
81. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 2, p.357;
Suwar min Hayat Muhammad, al-Hudaibiyyah pact.
82. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Life of
the Prophet), Ibn Hisham, vol. 3, p. 349, Beirut Edition,
Dar Ihhya' al-Turath al-Arabi.
83. Ibid.
84. Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, vol.
5, p.22, Beirut Edition, Dar Ihhya' al-Turath al-Arabi.
85. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 20, the
chapter of the Prophet's correspondence with the kings.
86. Ibid, and Fiqh al-Sirah,
al-Ghazali.
87. Bihar al-Anwar, chapter of the
liberation of Mecca, vol. 21.
88. Muhammad Rasool Allah, Muhammad
Rida, p.304, and al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dahlan, p.77
with slightly different words.
89. Sirat al-Rasool, Sayyid Muhsin
al-Amin al-Amili, the Liberation of Mecca.
90. Al-Mizan, vol. 20, exegesis of
surah of al-Nasr. Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 21, Liberation of
Mecca.
91. Al-Mizan, vol. 20, surah of
al-Nasr.
92. Al-Bihar, vol. 21, Liberation of
Mecca; Hayat Muhammad, Muhammad Hussein Haikal,
Liberation of Mecca.
93. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dahlan.
p.86; Al-Mizan, p.20, exegesis of surah of al-Nasr.
94. Al-Bihar, vol. 21, Liberation of
Mecca; Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dahlan, p.87 and Al-Mizan,
p.20, exegesis of surah of al-Nasr.
95. Al-Bihar, vol. 21, Liberation of
Mecca. Suwar min Hayat Muhammad, liberation of Mecca.
96. Al-Kashshaf, al-Zamakhshari,
exegesis of the verse: And say: The truth has come
and the falsehood has vanished: surely falsehood is a
vanishing (thing). (Holy Qur'an (7:81))
97. Sirat al-Rasool (s.a.w.), Sayyid
Muhsin al-Amin, quoted from al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah;
Al-Ma'arif (Knowledge), Ibn Qutaibah; Al-Mizan, Sayyid
al-Tabatabai', vol. l0, exegesis of ayah 25 of surah of
al-Tawbah.
98. Sirat al-Rasool, Sayyid al-Amin,
p.127. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Dahlan, p.110, in
different words.
99. Al-Mizan, vol. 10, exegesis of
ayah 25 of surah of al-Tawbah and the following study
based on traditions, p.231.
100. Fi Dhilal al-Qur'an, vol. 10,
Sayyid Qutb, exegesis of ayah 25 of surah of al-Tawbah.
101. Sirat al-Rasool, Sayyid Muhsin
al-Amin, p.132.
102. Masnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, p.330;
Khas'is al-Nisa'i p.14; Tabaqat Ibn a'd, vol. 3, p.14;
Hilyat al-Awliya', vol. 7 p.195; Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 7
p.452; Kanz al-Ummal, vol. 3, p.154; Al-Irshad, Sheikh
al-Mufid, expedition of Tabook, and many other
references.
103. Khasa'is al-Nisa'i, p.20, Sahih
al-Tirmithi, vol. 2, p.283; Musnad Ibn Hanbal, vol. 13,
p.283; Al-Dur Al-Manthoor, al-Suyooti; Tafsir Bin Jarir,
vol. 10, p.46; Mustadrak Al-Sahihain, vol. 3, p.51, and
others. For more information, see Fada'il al-Khamsah min
al-Sihah al-Sittah, vol. 2, p.343-57.
104. Hayat Muhammed, Muhammed
Hussein Haikal; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 21, Chapter of how
surah of al-Bara'ah was revealed.
105. Al-Irshad, Sheikh al-Mufid, the
valedictory hajj; Hayat Muhammad, Muhammad Hussein
Haikal.
106. Tuhafal-'Ugool an Asl
al-Rasool, Ibn Shu'bah al-Harrani, 5th edition, 1974,
p.39.
107. Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqah (Burning
Thunderbolts), quoted from al-Tirmidhi, al-Nisa'i, and
Ahmad bin Hanbal; Ahmad bin Ahnabal, in his book of
traditions, mentioned it and said that it was reported by
thirty companions of the Prophet (s.a.w.); al-Nisa'i, in
his book, al-Khasa'is, reported it through many chains of
transmission; Ibn Majah related it in his book of
traditions, in the chapter which spoke about the merits
of the companions of the Prophet (s.a.w.), p.12. It was
reported also by: Mustadrak al-Sahihain, vol. 3, p.116.
al-Irsahd, Sheikh al-Mufid. Al-Tabarani, quoting Zaid bin
Arqam; Al-Fakhr al-Razi in his exegesis of the ayah
O The Messenger deliver what has been revealed to
you from your Lord;... (Holy Qur'an 5:67); Hilyat
al-Awliya' vol. 5, p.26; Tarikh Baghdad, al-Khatib
al-Baghdadi, vol. 7, p.377, reported by Abu Hurairah;
Kanz al-Ummal, vol. l, p.48. For more information see
Al-Ghadir, vol. l, where this version was
reported by 110 companions of the Prophet (s.a.w ) and 84
Muslims of later generations.
108. Manaqab al-Khawarizimi
(Outstanding Merits of al-Khawarizmi), quoting A'ishah;
Thakha'ir al-Uqba (savings for the Next world), al-Muhib
al-Tabari, p.73; Kifayat al-Talib (What suffices the
student); al-Kanji al-Shafi'i, p.133; Masnad Ahmad bin
Hanbal, vol. 2, p.300.
