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Recipe 6.2 Invoking Remote Programs
6.2.1 Problem
You want to invoke a program on a
remote machine over a secure network connection.
6.2.2 Solution
For noninteractive commands:
$ ssh -l remoteuser remotehost uptime
For interactive
programs, add the -t option:
$ ssh -t -l remoteuser remotehost vi
For X Window applications, add the -X option to
enable X forwarding. Also add the -f option to
background the program after authentication, and to
redirect
standard input from /dev/null to avoid dangling
connections.
$ ssh -X -f -l remoteuser remotehost xterm
6.2.3 Discussion
For noninteractive commands, simply append the remote program
invocation to the end of the ssh command line.
After authentication, ssh will run the program
remotely and exit. It will not establish a login session.For interactive commands that run in your existing terminal window,
such as a terminal-based text editor or game, supply the
-t option to force
ssh to allocate a
pseudo-tty. Otherwise the remote
program can get confused or refuse to run:
$ ssh server.example.com emacs -nw
emacs: standard input is not a tty
$ ssh server.example.com /usr/games/nethack
NetHack (gettty): Invalid argument
NetHack (settty): Invalid argument Terminal must backspace.
If your program is an X application, use the
-X option to enable X forwarding. This forces the
connection between the X client and X servernormally
insecureto pass through the SSH connection, protecting the
data.
$ ssh -X -f server.example.com xterm
If X forwarding fails, make sure that your remote session is
not manually setting the value of the
DISPLAY environment variable.
ssh sets it automatically to the correct value.
Check your shell startup files (e.g.,
.bash_profile or .bashrc)
and their systemwide equivalents (such as
/etc/profile) to ensure they are not setting
DISPLAY. Alternatively, X forwarding might be
disabled in the SSH server: check the remote
/etc/ssh/sshd_config for the setting
X11Forwarding no.
6.2.4 See Also
ssh(1). We keep lots of SSH tips at http://www.snailbook.com. The official
OpenSSH site is http://www.openssh.com.
