Linux Security Cookbook [Electronic resources] نسخه متنی

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Linux Security Cookbook [Electronic resources] - نسخه متنی

Daniel J. Barrett, Robert G. Byrnes, Richard Silverman

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Table of content

A Cookbook About Security?!?

Intended Audience

Roadmap of the Book

Our Security Philosophy

Supported Linux Distributions

Trying the Recipes

Conventions Used in This Book

We'd Like to Hear from You

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. System Snapshots with Tripwire

Recipe 1.1 Setting Up Tripwire

Recipe 1.2 Displaying the Policy and Configuration

Recipe 1.3 Modifying the Policy and Configuration

Recipe 1.4 Basic Integrity Checking

Recipe 1.5 Read-Only Integrity Checking

Recipe 1.6 Remote Integrity Checking

Recipe 1.7 Ultra-Paranoid Integrity Checking

Recipe 1.8 Expensive, Ultra-Paranoid Security Checking

Recipe 1.9 Automated Integrity Checking

Recipe 1.10 Printing the Latest Tripwire Report

Recipe 1.11 Updating the Database

Recipe 1.12 Adding Files to the Database

Recipe 1.13 Excluding Files from the Database

Recipe 1.14 Checking Windows VFAT Filesystems

Recipe 1.15 Verifying RPM-Installed Files

Recipe 1.16 Integrity Checking with rsync

Recipe 1.17 Integrity Checking Manually

Chapter 2. Firewalls with iptables and ipchains

Recipe 2.1 Enabling Source Address Verification

Recipe 2.2 Blocking Spoofed Addresses

Recipe 2.3 Blocking All Network Traffic

Recipe 2.4 Blocking Incoming Traffic

Recipe 2.5 Blocking Outgoing Traffic

Recipe 2.6 Blocking Incoming Service Requests

Recipe 2.7 Blocking Access from a Remote Host

Recipe 2.8 Blocking Access to a Remote Host

Recipe 2.9 Blocking Outgoing Access to All Web Servers on a Network

Recipe 2.10 Blocking Remote Access, but Permitting Local

Recipe 2.11 Controlling Access by MAC Address

Recipe 2.12 Permitting SSH Access Only

Recipe 2.13 Prohibiting Outgoing Telnet Connections

Recipe 2.14 Protecting a Dedicated Server

Recipe 2.15 Preventing pings

Recipe 2.16 Listing Your Firewall Rules

Recipe 2.17 Deleting Firewall Rules

Recipe 2.18 Inserting Firewall Rules

Recipe 2.19 Saving a Firewall Configuration

Recipe 2.20 Loading a Firewall Configuration

Recipe 2.21 Testing a Firewall Configuration

Recipe 2.22 Building Complex Rule Trees

Recipe 2.23 Logging Simplified

Chapter 3. Network Access Control

Recipe 3.1 Listing Your Network Interfaces

Recipe 3.2 Starting and Stopping the Network Interface

Recipe 3.3 Enabling/Disabling a Service (xinetd)

Recipe 3.4 Enabling/Disabling a Service (inetd)

Recipe 3.5 Adding a New Service (xinetd)

Recipe 3.6 Adding a New Service (inetd)

Recipe 3.7 Restricting Access by Remote Users

Recipe 3.8 Restricting Access by Remote Hosts (xinetd)

Recipe 3.9 Restricting Access by Remote Hosts (xinetd with libwrap)

Recipe 3.10 Restricting Access by Remote Hosts (xinetd with tcpd)

Recipe 3.11 Restricting Access by Remote Hosts (inetd)

Recipe 3.12 Restricting Access by Time of Day

Recipe 3.13 Restricting Access to an SSH Server by Host

Recipe 3.14 Restricting Access to an SSH Server by Account

Recipe 3.15 Restricting Services to Specific Filesystem Directories

Recipe 3.16 Preventing Denial of Service Attacks

Recipe 3.17 Redirecting to Another Socket

Recipe 3.18 Logging Access to Your Services

Recipe 3.19 Prohibiting root Logins on Terminal Devices

Chapter 4. Authentication Techniques and Infrastructures

Recipe 4.1 Creating a PAM-Aware Application

Recipe 4.2 Enforcing Password Strength with PAM

Recipe 4.3 Creating Access Control Lists with PAM

Recipe 4.4 Validating an SSL Certificate

Recipe 4.5 Decoding an SSL Certificate

Recipe 4.6 Installing a New SSL Certificate

Recipe 4.7 Generating an SSL Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

Recipe 4.8 Creating a Self-Signed SSL Certificate

Recipe 4.9 Setting Up a Certifying Authority

Recipe 4.10 Converting SSL Certificates from DER to PEM

Recipe 4.11 Getting Started with Kerberos

Recipe 4.12 Adding Users to a Kerberos Realm

Recipe 4.13 Adding Hosts to a Kerberos Realm

Recipe 4.14 Using Kerberos with SSH

Recipe 4.15 Using Kerberos with Telnet

Recipe 4.16 Securing IMAP with Kerberos

Recipe 4.17 Using Kerberos with PAM for System-Wide Authentication

Chapter 5. Authorization Controls

Recipe 5.1 Running a root Login Shell

Recipe 5.2 Running X Programs as root

Recipe 5.3 Running Commands as Another User via sudo

Recipe 5.4 Bypassing Password Authentication in sudo

Recipe 5.5 Forcing Password Authentication in sudo

Recipe 5.6 Authorizing per Host in sudo

Recipe 5.7 Granting Privileges to a Group via sudo

Recipe 5.8 Running Any Program in a Directory via sudo

Recipe 5.9 Prohibiting Command Arguments with sudo

Recipe 5.10 Sharing Files Using Groups

Recipe 5.11 Permitting Read-Only Access to a Shared File via sudo

Recipe 5.12 Authorizing Password Changes via sudo

Recipe 5.13 Starting/Stopping Daemons via sudo

Recipe 5.14 Restricting root's Abilities via sudo

Recipe 5.15 Killing Processes via sudo

Recipe 5.16 Listing sudo Invocations

Recipe 5.17 Logging sudo Remotely

Recipe 5.18 Sharing root Privileges via SSH

Recipe 5.19 Running root Commands via SSH

Recipe 5.20 Sharing root Privileges via Kerberos su

Chapter 6. Protecting Outgoing Network Connections

Recipe 6.1 Logging into a Remote Host

Recipe 6.2 Invoking Remote Programs

Recipe 6.3 Copying Files Remotely

Recipe 6.4 Authenticating by Public Key (OpenSSH)

Recipe 6.5 Authenticating by Public Key (OpenSSH Client, SSH2 Server, OpenSSH Key)

Recipe 6.6 Authenticating by Public Key (OpenSSH Client, SSH2 Server, SSH2 Key)

Recipe 6.7 Authenticating by Public Key (SSH2 Client, OpenSSH Server)

Recipe 6.8 Authenticating by Trusted Host

Recipe 6.9 Authenticating Without a Password (Interactively)

Recipe 6.10 Authenticating in cron Jobs

Recipe 6.11 Terminating an SSH Agent on Logout

Recipe 6.12 Tailoring SSH per Host

Recipe 6.13 Changing SSH Client Defaults

Recipe 6.14 Tunneling Another TCP Session Through SSH

Recipe 6.15 Keeping Track of Passwords

Chapter 7. Protecting Files

Recipe 7.1 Using File Permissions

Recipe 7.2 Securing a Shared Directory

Recipe 7.3 Prohibiting Directory Listings

Recipe 7.4 Encrypting Files with a Password

Recipe 7.5 Decrypting Files

Recipe 7.6 Setting Up GnuPG for Public-Key Encryption

Recipe 7.7 Listing Your Keyring

Recipe 7.8 Setting a Default Key

Recipe 7.9 Sharing Public Keys

Recipe 7.10 Adding Keys to Your Keyring

Recipe 7.11 Encrypting Files for Others

Recipe 7.12 Signing a Text File

Recipe 7.13 Signing and Encrypting Files

Recipe 7.14 Creating a Detached Signature File

Recipe 7.15 Checking a Signature

Recipe 7.16 Printing Public Keys

Recipe 7.17 Backing Up a Private Key

Recipe 7.18 Encrypting Directories

Recipe 7.19 Adding Your Key to a Keyserver

Recipe 7.20 Uploading New Signatures to a Keyserver

Recipe 7.21 Obtaining Keys from a Keyserver

Recipe 7.22 Revoking a Key

Recipe 7.23 Maintaining Encrypted Files with Emacs

Recipe 7.24 Maintaining Encrypted Files with vim

Recipe 7.25 Encrypting Backups

Recipe 7.26 Using PGP Keys with GnuPG

Chapter 8. Protecting Email

Recipe 8.1 Encrypted Mail with Emacs

Recipe 8.2 Encrypted Mail with vim

Recipe 8.3 Encrypted Mail with Pine

Recipe 8.4 Encrypted Mail with Mozilla

Recipe 8.5 Encrypted Mail with Evolution

Recipe 8.6 Encrypted Mail with mutt

Recipe 8.7 Encrypted Mail with elm

Recipe 8.8 Encrypted Mail with MH

Recipe 8.9 Running a POP/IMAP Mail Server with SSL

Recipe 8.10 Testing an SSL Mail Connection

Recipe 8.11 Securing POP/IMAP with SSL and Pine

Recipe 8.12 Securing POP/IMAP with SSL and mutt

Recipe 8.13 Securing POP/IMAP with SSL and Evolution

Recipe 8.14 Securing POP/IMAP with stunnel and SSL

Recipe 8.15 Securing POP/IMAP with SSH

Recipe 8.16 Securing POP/IMAP with SSH and Pine

Recipe 8.17 Receiving Mail Without a Visible Server

Recipe 8.18 Using an SMTP Server from Arbitrary Clients

Chapter 9. Testing and Monitoring

Recipe 9.1 Testing Login Passwords (John the Ripper)

Recipe 9.2 Testing Login Passwords (CrackLib)

Recipe 9.3 Finding Accounts with No Password

Recipe 9.4 Finding Superuser Accounts

Recipe 9.5 Checking for Suspicious Account Use

Recipe 9.6 Checking for Suspicious Account Use, Multiple Systems

Recipe 9.7 Testing Your Search Path

Recipe 9.8 Searching Filesystems Effectively

Recipe 9.9 Finding setuid (or setgid) Programs

Recipe 9.10 Securing Device Special Files

Recipe 9.11 Finding Writable Files

Recipe 9.12 Looking for Rootkits

Recipe 9.13 Testing for Open Ports

Recipe 9.14 Examining Local Network Activities

Recipe 9.15 Tracing Processes

Recipe 9.16 Observing Network Traffic

Recipe 9.17 Observing Network Traffic (GUI)

Recipe 9.18 Searching for Strings in Network Traffic

Recipe 9.19 Detecting Insecure Network Protocols

Recipe 9.20 Getting Started with Snort

Recipe 9.21 Packet Sniffing with Snort

Recipe 9.22 Detecting Intrusions with Snort

Recipe 9.23 Decoding Snort Alert Messages

Recipe 9.24 Logging with Snort

Recipe 9.25 Partitioning Snort Logs Into Separate Files

Recipe 9.26 Upgrading and Tuning Snort's Ruleset

Recipe 9.27 Directing System Messages to Log Files (syslog)

Recipe 9.28 Testing a syslog Configuration

Recipe 9.29 Logging Remotely

Recipe 9.30 Rotating Log Files

Recipe 9.31 Sending Messages to the System Logger

Recipe 9.32 Writing Log Entries via Shell Scripts

Recipe 9.33 Writing Log Entries via Perl

Recipe 9.34 Writing Log Entries via C

Recipe 9.35 Combining Log Files

Recipe 9.36 Summarizing Your Logs with logwatch

Recipe 9.37 Defining a logwatch Filter

Recipe 9.38 Monitoring All Executed Commands

Recipe 9.39 Displaying All Executed Commands

Recipe 9.40 Parsing the Process Accounting Log

Recipe 9.41 Recovering from a Hack

Recipe 9.42 Filing an Incident Report

توضیحات

افزودن یادداشت جدید

Recipe 4.5 Decoding an SSL Certificate

4.5.1 Problem

You
want to view information about a given SSL certificate, stored in a
PEM file.

4.5.2 Solution

$ openssl x509 -text -in filename
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
d0:1e:40:90:00:00:27:4b:00:00:00:01:00:00:00:04
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, ST=Utah, L=Salt Lake City, O=Xcert EZ by DST, CN=Xcert EZ by 
DST/Email=ca@digsigtrust.com
Validity
Not Before: Jul 14 16:14:18 1999 GMT
Not After : Jul 11 16:14:18 2009 GMT
Subject: C=US, ST=Utah, L=Salt Lake City, O=Xcert EZ by DST, CN=Xcert EZ by 
DST/Email=ca@digsigtrust.com
...

4.5.3 Discussion

This is a quick way to learn who issued a certificate, its begin and
end dates, and other pertinent details.

4.5.4 See Also

openssl(1).