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Hack 96 OpenSSH on Windows Using Cygwin

Use any of the powerful OpenSSH hacks in this
chapter on a Windows box.

So
you've read all
the nifty cool hacks so far using OpenSSH, but
you're a Windows guy or gal who
hasn't (yet) taken the plunge into the world of
Linux. That's okay! You can still take advantage of
the power of OpenSSH on your Windows box by using a tool called
Cygwin.

As the Cygwin web site explains:

Cygwin is a Linux-like environment for Windows. It consists of two
parts:

A DLL (cygwin1.dll) which acts as a Linux emulation layer providing
substantial Linux API functionality.

A collection of tools, which provide Linux look and feel.

This powerful and free package allows you to run many free software
packages in Linux, all without leaving the safety and comfort of your
Windows environment.

Installation

The
software can be downloaded from http://www.cygwin.com/. To install Cygwin,
run setup.exe and then select the Linux tools
you want to install. These will be downloaded from the Internet and
installed automatically. Using setup.exe, you
can also choose to download only the install files, or to install
them from a local directory. For the purposes of this hack, I assume
that you are installing directly from the Internet.

In the first dialog box, choose an installation directory,
installation type, and default text file type. Unless you need to
change any of these options, just stick with the defaults for now. In
the second dialog box, choose a directory where the software packages
will be downloaded. This is useful to remember if
you're going to be doing multiple installs. Third,
you need to choose an Internet connection type. If
you're inside a corporate network, you may need to
consult with someone on these settings. Generally a direct connection
works if you are a home user.

Lastly, you need to choose a download site. There are a whole range
of sites listed, located all around the world. Choose the site that
is roughly closest to your country.

setup.exe will then download the next portion of
the setup program, and you will be prompted to Select Packages, as
shown in Figure 7-9.

There are a large number of software packages that Cygwin can install
for you. To add OpenSSH as an installed software package, navigate to
the Net category. Click on the plus sign next to Net and scroll down
until you find the line that lists OpenSSH, as shown in Figure 7-10.

Click once on the word "Skip" on
the line that shows openssh. You will see the
change shown in Figure 7-11.

Note that when you selected openssh,
openssl is also automatically selected. This is
because openssh relies on the encryption
routines contained in openssl.

One more package you will need to install, particularly if you want
the sshd daemon to run as a service in Windows
2000 or Windows XP, is cygrunsrv. This package
can be found in the Admin category, as shown in Figure 7-12.

Click Next, and Cygwin will begin downloading
and installing the selected packages. Once installation is done,
you'll have Cygwin icons on your desktop and in the
Start menu.

To get things properly set up, you need to change a few things in
your System Environment. In Windows 2000 and Windows XP, right-click
on My Computer and choose
Properties. Click on the
Advanced tab and then select
Environment Variables. Find the variable for
Path and double-click on it. At the end of the path, add a semicolon
and the full path to the installed Cygwin (C:\cygwin\bin by default, unless you changed
it when you installed it). Also add a new variable by clicking on
New. The variable name is CYGWIN. The variable
value should be ntsec tty.

OpenSSH Configuration

To get the openssh daemon
running, open up a Cygwin bash shell and run this:

Administrator@notebook ~$ ssh-host-config -y

This generates ssh keys and an
sshd config file for your system, and sets up
sshd to run as a Windows service.
You'll be prompted for a value of CYGWIN for
sshd at startup. Enter the same string that you
used for the CYGWIN environment variable: ntsec
tty.

Now you can start up sshd as a service by
running this command:

Administrator@notebook ~$ cygrunsrv -S sshd 

You can test your sshd installation by typing
ssh localhost. If all goes well, you should be
able to log in to your own machine.

You should now be able to copy files with scp, set
up key dependencies, and use all of the other time saving SSH tips
and tricks mentioned elsewhere in this chapter. For example, you can
secure your email by using port forwarding [Hack #93]. With
sshd up and running, you can even connect to
your Windows machine from other computers running
ssh. Cygwin might not be quite as powerful as a
complete Linux installation, but it allows you to use many important
free software packages without even having to reboot.