Unix™ Systems Programming [Electronic resources] : Communication, Concurrency, and Threads نسخه متنی



•	Table of Contents

Unix™ Systems Programming: Communication, Concurrency, and Threads
By Publisher		: Prentice Hall PTR
Pub Date	: June 17, 2003
ISBN	: 0-13-042411-0
Pages	: 912

Chapter 1.
Technology's Impact on Programs

Section 1.1.
Terminology of Change

Section 1.2.
Time and Speed

Section 1.3.
Multiprogramming and Time Sharing

Section 1.4.
Concurrency at the Applications Level

Section 1.5.
Security and Fault Tolerance

Section 1.6.
Buffer Overflows for Breaking and Entering

Section 1.7.
UNIX Standards

Section 1.8.
Additional Reading

Chapter 2.
Programs, Processes and Threads

Section 2.1.
How a Program Becomes a Process

Section 2.2.
Threads and Thread of Execution

Section 2.3.
Layout of a Program Image

Section 2.4.
Library Function Calls

Section 2.5.
Function Return Values and Errors

Section 2.6.
Argument Arrays

Section 2.7.
Thread-Safe Functions

Section 2.8.
Use of Static Variables

Section 2.9.
Structure of Static Objects

Section 2.10.
Process Environment

Section 2.11.
Process Termination

Section 2.12.
Exercise: An env Utility

Section 2.13.
Exercise: Message Logging

Section 2.14.
Additional Reading

Chapter 3.
Processes in UNIX

Section 3.1.
Process Identification

Section 3.2.
Process State

Section 3.3.
UNIX Process Creation and fork

Section 3.4.
The wait Function

Section 3.5.
The exec Function

Section 3.6.
Background Processes and Daemons

Section 3.7.
Critical Sections

Section 3.8.
Exercise: Process Chains

Section 3.9.
Exercise: Process Fans

Section 3.10.
Additional Reading

Chapter 4.
UNIX I/O

Section 4.1.
Device Terminology

Section 4.2.
Reading and Writing

Section 4.3.
Opening and Closing Files

Section 4.4.
The select Function

Section 4.5.
The poll Function

Section 4.6.
File Representation

Section 4.7.
Filters and Redirection

Section 4.8.
File Control

Section 4.9.
Exercise: Atomic Logging

Section 4.10.
Exercise: A cat Utility

Section 4.11.
Additional Reading

Chapter 5.
Files and Directories

Section 5.1.
UNIX File System Navigation

Section 5.2.
Directory Access

Section 5.3.
UNIX File System Implementation

Section 5.4.
Hard Links and Symbolic Links

Section 5.5.
Exercise: The which Command

Section 5.6.
Exercise: Biffing

Section 5.7.
Exercise: News biff

Section 5.8.
Exercise: Traversing Directories

Section 5.9.
Additional Reading

Chapter 6.
UNIX Special Files

Section 6.1.
Pipes

Section 6.2.
Pipelines

Section 6.3.
FIFOs

Section 6.4.
Pipes and the Client-Server Model

Section 6.5.
Terminal Control

Section 6.6.
Audio Device

Section 6.7.
Exercise: Audio

Section 6.8.
Exercise: Barriers

Section 6.9.
Exercise: The stty Command

Section 6.10.
Exercise: Client-Server Revisited

Section 6.11.
Additional Reading

Chapter 7.
Project: The Token Ring

Section 7.1.
Ring Topology

Section 7.2.
Ring Formation

Section 7.3.
Ring Exploration

Section 7.4.
Simple Communication

Section 7.5.
Mutual Exclusion with Tokens

Section 7.6.
Mutual Exclusion by Voting

Section 7.7.
Leader Election on an Anonymous Ring

Section 7.8.
Token Ring for Communication

Section 7.9.
Pipelined Preprocessor

Section 7.10.
Parallel Ring Algorithms

Section 7.11.
Flexible Ring

Section 7.12.
Additional Reading

Part II:
Asynchronous Events

Chapter 8.
Signals

Section 8.1.
Basic Signal Concepts

Section 8.2.
Generating Signals

Section 8.3.
Manipulating Signal Masks and Signal Sets

Section 8.4.
Catching and Ignoring Signalssigaction

Section 8.5.
Waiting for Signalspause, sigsuspend and sigwait

Section 8.6.
Handling Signals: Errors and Async-signal Safety

Section 8.7.
Program Control with siglongjmp and sigsetjmp

Section 8.8.
Programming with Asynchronous I/O

Section 8.9.
Exercise: Dumping Statistics

Section 8.10.
Exercise: Spooling a Slow Device

Section 8.11.
Additional Reading

Chapter 9.
Times and Timers

Section 9.1.
POSIX Times

Section 9.2.
Sleep Functions

Section 9.3.
POSIX:XSI Interval Timers

Section 9.4.
Realtime Signals

Section 9.5.
POSIX:TMR Interval Timers

Section 9.6.
Timer Drift, Overruns and Absolute Time

Section 9.7.
Additional Reading

Chapter 10.
Project: Virtual Timers

Section 10.1.
Project Overview

Section 10.2.
Simple Timers

Section 10.3.
Setting One of Five Single Timers

Section 10.4.
Using Multiple Timers

Section 10.5.
A Robust Implementation of Multiple Timers

Section 10.6.
POSIX:TMR Timer Implementation

Section 10.7.
mycron, a Small Cron Facility

Section 10.8.
Additional Reading

Chapter 11.
Project: Cracking Shells

Section 11.1.
Building a Simple Shell

Section 11.2.
Redirection

Section 11.3.
Pipelines

Section 11.4.
Signal Handling in the Foreground

Section 11.5.
Process Groups, Sessions and Controlling Terminals

Section 11.6.
Background Processes in ush

Section 11.7.
Job Control

Section 11.8.
Job Control for ush

Section 11.9.
Additional Reading

Part III:
Concurrency

Chapter 12.
POSIX Threads

Section 12.1.
A Motivating Problem: Monitoring File Descriptors

Section 12.2.
Use of Threads to Monitor Multiple File Descriptors

Section 12.3.
Thread Management

Section 12.4.
Thread Safety

Section 12.5.
User Threads versus Kernel Threads

Section 12.6.
Thread Attributes

Section 12.7.
Exercise: Parallel File Copy

Section 12.8.
Additional Reading

Chapter 13.
Thread Synchronization

Section 13.1.
POSIX Synchronization Functions

Section 13.2.
Mutex Locks

Section 13.3.
At-Most-Once and At-Least-Once-Execution

Section 13.4.
Condition Variables

Section 13.5.
Signal Handling and Threads

Section 13.6.
Readers and Writers

Section 13.7.
A strerror_r Implementation

Section 13.8.
Deadlocks and Other Pesky Problems

Section 13.9.
Exercise: Multiple Barriers

Section 13.10.
Additional Reading

Chapter 14.
Critical Sections and Semaphores

Section 14.1.
Dealing with Critical Sections

Section 14.2.
Semaphores

Section 14.3.
POSIX:SEM Unnamed Semaphores

Section 14.4.
POSIX:SEM Semaphore Operations

Section 14.5.
POSIX:SEM Named Semaphores

Section 14.6.
Exercise: License Manager

Section 14.7.
Additional Reading

Chapter 15.
POSIX IPC

Section 15.1.
POSIX:XSI Interprocess Communication

Section 15.2.
POSIX:XSI Semaphore Sets

Section 15.3.
POSIX:XSI Shared Memory

Section 15.4.
POSIX:XSI Message Queues

Section 15.5.
Exercise: POSIX Unnamed Semaphores

Section 15.6.
Exercise: POSIX Named Semaphores

Section 15.7.
Exercise: Implementing Pipes with Shared Memory

Section 15.8.
Exercise: Implementing Pipes with Message Queues

Section 15.9.
Additional Reading

Chapter 16.
Project: Producer Consumer Synchronization

Section 16.1.
The Producer-Consumer Problem

Section 16.2.
Bounded Buffer Protected by Mutex Locks

Section 16.3.
Buffer Implementation with Semaphores

Section 16.4.
Introduction to a Simple Producer-Consumer Problem

Section 16.5.
Bounded Buffer Implementation Using Condition Variables

Section 16.6.
Buffers with Done Conditions

Section 16.7.
Parallel File Copy

Section 16.8.
Threaded Print Server

Section 16.9.
Additional Reading

Chapter 17.
Project: The Not Too Parallel Virtual Machine

Section 17.1.
PVM History, Terminology, and Architecture

Section 17.2.
The Not Too Parallel Virtual Machine

Section 17.3.
NTPVM Project Overview

Section 17.4.
I/O and Testing of Dispatcher

Section 17.5.
Single Task with No Input

Section 17.6.
Sequential Tasks

Section 17.7.
Concurrent Tasks

Section 17.8.
Packet Communication, Broadcast and Barriers

Section 17.9.
Termination and Signals

Section 17.10.
Ordered Message Delivery

Section 17.11.
Additional Reading

Part IV:
Communication

Chapter 18.
Connection-Oriented Communication

Section 18.1.
The Client-Server Model

Section 18.2.
Communication Channels

Section 18.3.
Connection-Oriented Server Strategies

Section 18.4.
Universal Internet Communication Interface (UICI)

Section 18.5.
UICI Implementations of Different Server Strategies

Section 18.6.
UICI Clients

Section 18.7.
Socket Implementation of UICI

Section 18.8.
Host Names and IP Addresses

Section 18.9.
Thread-Safe UICI

Section 18.10.
Exercise: Ping Server

Section 18.11.
Exercise: Transmission of Audio

Section 18.12.
Additional Reading

Chapter 19.
Project: WWW Redirection

Section 19.1.
The World Wide Web

Section 19.2.
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

Section 19.3.
HTTP Primer

Section 19.4.
Web Communication Patterns

Section 19.5.
Pass-through Monitoring of Single Connections

Section 19.6.
Tunnel Server Implementation

Section 19.7.
Server Driver for Testing

Section 19.8.
HTTP Header Parsing

Section 19.9.
Simple Proxy Server

Section 19.10.
Proxy Monitor

Section 19.11.
Proxy Cache

Section 19.12.
Gateways as Portals

Section 19.13.
Gateway for Load Balancing

Section 19.14.
Postmortem

Section 19.15.
Additional Reading

Chapter 20.
Connectionless Communication and Multicast

Section 20.1.
Introduction to Connectionless Communication

Section 20.2.
Simplified Interface for Connectionless Communication

Section 20.3.
Simple-Request Protocols

Section 20.4.
Request-Reply Protocols

Section 20.5.
Request-Reply with Timeouts and Retries

Section 20.6.
Request-Reply-Acknowledge Protocols

Section 20.7.
Implementation of UICI UDP

Section 20.8.
Comparison of UDP and TCP

Section 20.9.
Multicast

Section 20.10.
Exercise: UDP Port Server

Section 20.11.
Exercise: Stateless File Server

Section 20.12.
Additional Reading

Chapter 21.
Project: Internet Radio

Section 21.1.
Project Overview

Section 21.2.
Audio Device Simulation

Section 21.3.
UDP Implementation with One Program and One Receiver

Section 21.4.
UDP Implementation with Multiple Programs and Receivers

Section 21.5.
UDP Implementation of Radio Broadcasts

Section 21.6.
Multicast Implementation of Radio Broadcasts

Section 21.7.
TCP Implementation Differences

Section 21.8.
Receiving Streaming Audio Through a Browser

Section 21.9.
Additional Reading

Chapter 22.
Project: Server Performance

Section 22.1.
Server Performance Costs

Section 22.2.
Server Architectures

Section 22.3.
Project Overview

Section 22.4.
Single-Client Driver

Section 22.5.
Multiple-Client Driver

Section 22.6.
Thread-per-request and Process-per-request Implementations

Section 22.7.
Thread-worker-pool Strategy

Section 22.8.
Thread-worker Pool with Bounded Buffer

Section 22.9.
Process-worker Pool

Section 22.10.
Influence of Disk I/O

Section 22.11.
Performance Studies

Section 22.12.
Report Writing

Section 22.13.
Additional Reading

Appendices

Appendix A.
UNIX Fundamentals

Section A.1.
Manual Pages

Section A.2.
Compilation

Section A.3.
Makefiles

Section A.4.
Debugging Aids

Section A.5.
Identifiers, Storage Classes and Linkage Classes

Section A.6.
Additional Reading

Appendix B.
Restart Library

Appendix C.
UICI Implementation

Section C.1.
Connection-Oriented UICI TCP Implementation

Section C.2.
Name Resolution Implementations

Section C.3.
Connectionless UICI UDP Implementation

Appendix D.
Logging Functions

Section D.1.
Local Atomic Logging

Section D.2.
Remote Logging

Appendix E.
POSIX Extensions

Bibliography

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