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P-Q
packet
An Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) network layer transmission unit that consists of binary information representing both data and a header containing an identification number, source and destination addresses, and error-control data.
page
See Web page.
parameter
A value that is passed in a function call.
partition
A portion of a physical disk that functions as though it were a physically separate disk. After you create a partition, you must format it and assign it a drive letter before you can store data on it.On basic disks, partitions are known as basic volumes, which include primary partitions and logical drives. On dynamic disks, partitions are known as dynamic volumes, which include simple, striped, spanned, mirrored, and RAID-5 volumes.See also extended partition.
password authentication
See authentication.
path, physical
See physical path.
path, relative
See relative path.
performance counter
In System Monitor, a data item that is associated with a performance object. For each counter selected, System Monitor presents a value corresponding to a particular aspect of the performance that is defined for the performance object.
Perl(Practical Extraction and Report Language)
An interpreted language that is based on C and several UNIX utilities. Perl has powerful string-handling features for extracting information from text files. Perl can assemble a string and send it to the shell as a command; therefore, it is often used for system administration tasks. A program in Perl is known as a script. Perl was devised by Larry Wall at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.See also script.
permission
A rule associated with an object to regulate which users can gain access to the object and in what manner. Permissions are assigned or denied by the object's owner.See also object.
physical path
A universal naming convention (UNC) directory path.See also relative path.
ping
A utility that verifies connections to one or more remote hosts. The ping command uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request and echo reply packets to determine whether a particular Internet Protocol (IP) system on a network is functional. Ping is useful for diagnosing IP network or router failures.See also host.See also Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).See also Internet Protocol (IP).See also packet.
plaintext
Data that is not encrypted. Sometimes also called cleartext.
See also encryption.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
A set of industry-standard framing and authentication protocols that are included with Windows to ensure interoperability with other remote access software. PPP negotiates configuration parameters for multiple layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The Internet standard for serial communications, PPP defines how data packets are exchanged with other Internet-based systems using a modem connection.
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
A specification for virtual private networks (VPNs) in which some nodes of a local area network (LAN) are connected through the Internet. PPTP is an open industry standard that supports widely used networking protocols: Internet Protocol (IP), Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), and Microsoft NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI). Organizations can use PPTP to outsource their remote dial-up needs to an Internet service provider or to other carriers to reduce cost and complexity.
policies
Conditions that are set by the system administrator, for example, how quickly account passwords expire and how many unsuccessful logon attempts are allowed before a user is locked out. Policies manage accounts to help prevent exhaustive or random password attacks.
pooled out-of-process
For IIS 5.0 isolation mode, a special Web Application Manager (WAM) package that hosts all out-of-process ISAPI extensions that are set to medium isolation within the same DLLHOST.exe process.See also IIS 5.0 isolation mode.See also out-of-process.See also Web Application Manager (WAM).
port number
A number that identifies a certain Internet application. For example, the default port number for the WWW service is 80.
PPP
See Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
PPTP
See Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).
private key
The secret half of a cryptographic key pair that is used with a public key algorithm. Private keys are typically used to decrypt a symmetric session key, digitally sign data, or decrypt data that has been encrypted with the corresponding public key.See also public key.See also public key encryption.
process
An operating system object that consists of an executable program, a set of virtual memory addresses, and one or more threads. When a program runs, a process is created.
process accounting
A feature of Internet Information Services (IIS) that administrators can use to monitor and log resource consumption of Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts and out-of-process applications.
process isolation
Running an application or component out of process.See also out-of-process component.
property inheritance
See inheritance.
protocol
A set of rules and conventions for sending information over a network. These rules govern the content, format, timing, sequencing, and error control of messages exchanged among network devices.See also Internet Protocol (IP).See also Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
provider
See WMI provider.
proxy
A software program that connects a user to a remote destination through an intermediary gateway.
proxy server
A firewall component that manages Internet traffic to and from a local area network (LAN) and that can provide other features, such as document caching and access control. A proxy server can improve performance by supplying frequently requested data, such as a popular Web page, and it can filter and discard requests that the owner does not consider appropriate, such as requests for unauthorized access to proprietary files.See also firewall.See also local area network (LAN).
public key
The nonsecret half of a cryptographic key pair that is used with a public key algorithm. Public keys are typically used when encrypting a session key, verifying a digital signature, or encrypting data that can be decrypted with the corresponding private key.See also key.See also private key.See also public key encryption.
public key encryption
A method of encryption that uses two encryption keys that are mathematically related. One key is called the private key and is kept confidential. The other is called the public key and is freely given out to all potential correspondents. In a typical scenario, a sender uses the receiver's public key to encrypt a message. Only the receiver has the related private key to decrypt the message. The complexity of the relationship between the public key and the private key means that, provided the keys are long enough, it is computationally infeasible to determine one from the other. Also called asymmetric encryption.
See also encryption.See also symmetric encryption.
public-key algorithm
An asymmetric cipher that uses two keys, one for encryption, the public key, and the other for decryption, the private key.See also asymmetric key algorithm.See also decryption.See also encryption.See also private key.See also public key.
