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CHAPTER
4
Qasde Qurbat
Son, may Allah bless you in this
world as well as in the next world. When obtaining ilm, keep your intentions
pure. Keep your heart away from worldly selfishness and turn your soul towards
obtaining strength of action. Keep away from evils. Develop strength of
character. Keep anger and evil desires in control. Always remember the following
words of Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.): Who ever obtains Ilm', acts on
it and teaches it to others, will be called Great' in heavens. It will be
announced that this man learned for the sake of Allah, acted on it for the sake
of Allah and taught it to others for the sake of Allah.(Usul-e-Kafi-1,
p. 35)Ubad bin Suhaib has narrated from
Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.): There are 3 types of students: The first type
of student learns so that they spread ignorance and infighting. The second
type learn for pride and conspiracy. The third type learn for Fiqh' and
reasoning.The first type of people brag
about their ilm in gatherings and social functions, pretend about ilm, make a
show of sincerity in public though in reality they are devoid of Taqwa'
Allah will rub their noses and break their back. The second type who learns for
pride and conspiracy will be polite with rich people, enjoy their hospitality
and destroy their religion. One who learns for pride and conspiracy will be
polite with rich people, enjoy their hospitality and destroy their religion. One
who learns for Fiqh' and reasoning will be always sad, worrying about the
next world. He will pray in the darkness of night and shiver. He knows the
people. He is not misled by those near to him. Allah has strengthened his Arkan'.(Usul-e-Kafi-1,
p. 49)Salim bin Kais has given reference
of Amirul Momeneen (a.s.) about the following words of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.)
that two types of thirst cannot be quenched: The thirst of one who seeks this
world and thirst of one who seeks ilm. A person who is satisfied with
Halal' will be safe otherwise he is doomed. Whoever obtains ilm from it's
Ehl' and acts on it will be saved. If he obtain ilm with the intention of
getting this world then he will get this world only. He will be deprived of
everything in the next.(Usul-e-Kafi-1,
p. 46)Abu Huzayfa has cited the
following from Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) that, one who obtains Ahadis with the
intention of earning this world, will be deprived of the here after. One who
desires blessings in the hereafter, he will get it in this world as well as the
next world.(Usul-e-1,
p. 46)Hafas bin Gayas has quoted the
following saying of Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) that whenever you see an
Alim tilting towards this world, than be careful about your religion because
every friend worries about his friend.At another place, it is stated
that, Allah (s.w.t.) sent the following message
to Janab Dawood: Beware, Don't make an Alim who is engrossed in this world, a
medium between you and me. He will lead you astray from the path of religion.
These type of Alims are robbers. My minimum behaviour towards them will be to
destroy from their hearts the pleasure of my praise.(Usul-e-Kafi-1,
p. 46)Sakuni has cited the following
from Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) that Mursal-e-Azam (s.a.w.) has said that; fakihs
are the trustees of the prophets as long as they do not enter this world: He was
asked: O prophet of Allah! How will they enter the world? He replied: By obeying
the kings. When they do this, then be careful of your religion (Beware of them).(Usule-e-Kafi-1,
p. 46)Rabai bin Abdulla has cited from
Imam Mohammed Baqer (a.s.) that whosoever procures knowledge to oppose Alims, to
fight with foolish people and to draw people's attention towards him, will go
to hell on the day of judgement. Leadership is the right of those who deserve
leadership.(Usul-e-Kafi-1,
p. 30)Son, do not sin after procuring
Ilm. Allah's hujjat is very essential for an Alim. Allah only forgives those
who are ignorant not Alims.(Sur-e-Nisa)Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.)
told Ibne Gayas: Allah will forgive seventy sins of an ignorant person before
forgiving one sin of an Alim.(Usul-e-Kafi-1,
p. 47)(This does not mean that everyone
should remain ignorant so that his sins are forgiven because not to procure ilm
deliberately is also a sin. This is for those people who cannot study due to
circumstances and they cannot reach those who are Ahle-Ilm - Jawadi)Whenever you want to procure Ilm,
then search for righteous, good and
pious teacher, because there is always a danger from those who are not Muttaqi.Son, read Munyatul Murid by
Sahahid-e-Sani (a.r.). In this book there is a detailed description of
relationship between a teacher and pupil. No deed is praiseworthy without
manners and respect. Respect all Alims especially your teachers. Teacher is in
the place of your father.(Ishna
ashariy, p. 81)Sabit bin Dinar has cited from
Hazrat Imam Sajjad (a.s.) that whosoever guides you in Ilm, it is his right that
you respect him, you listen to his lecture very attentively, you should not
raise your voice over his voice, you should not talk of others in his presence
nor backbite. If someone speaks bad about him then you should defend him. You
should cover his defects and declare his virtues. You should not mix with his
enemies. If you do all these, then angels will also say that you have procured
ilm for Allah and not for public.The right of the pupil over his
teacher is that the teacher should look after his pupil. Allah has made the
teacher his guardian. He has opened his treasures for him. If, during studies,
he behaves well, does not get angry, then Allah will give him more. If he
refuses to impart knowledge, rejects his request, then it is incumbent upon
Allah to snatch away the glitter of his ilm and obliterate the respect, which
the people have for him.(Behar
- 5, p. 24)Suleman bin Jafari has cited from
Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) this narration from Hazrat Ali (a.s.) that it is the
right of an Alim that you should not ask him too many questions, and you should
not tug at his clothes. When you enter the assembly of people, besides saluting
everybody, do special salam to him, sit in front of him and
not behind him. Don't make gestures with your eyes or hands. Don't
talk too much. Don't harass him by sitting for too long. Their example is that
of a date tree. One sitting below the tree waits patiently for the fruits and
takes whatever he gets.(Usul-e-Kafi-1,
p. 37)Son, may Allah count you amongst
Religious Alim'. Act on whatever ilm you have obtained. The popularity of
ilm is because of its implementation. An Alim who does not act is like a tree
without fruits.Beware, never stop acting on your
ilm because knowledge Becomes useless without actions. Someone has rightly said
that it is the responsibility of every Momeneen to act but the responsibility is
very severe on an alim. It is for this reason that the wives of the prophet (s.a.w.)
earn greater reward for their obedience and get more punishment for their sins.
Reward and punishment may vary according to circumstance prevailing conditions.Salim bin Qais has cited from
Amirul Momeneen (a.s) the following saying of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) that
alims are of two types. Some alims act on their ilm and are saved, some alims do
not act on their ilm and are doomed. Those in hell will be disturbed by the foul
smell emitting from alims who did not act. The most unlucky alim will be the one
who will go to hell because of his inaction while those who followed his
guidance and advice will go to heaven! Beware of becoming a slave to your
desires and excessive hopes. Slavery to desires, stops you from the right path
and excessive desires make you forget the hereafter.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
44)Ismail bin Jabir has narrated
from Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s) that ilm is enjoined with action. Whosoever
obtains ilm should act on it. Ilm demands action. If there is no action,
ilm is frittered away.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
44)Abdullah bin al-Qasam al Jafari
has narrated from Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s) that an alim who does not act
on his ilm, his guidance and advice will flow down the heart as water follows
down from a mountain stone.Ali bin Hashim bin Burid has
stated that a man came to Hazrat Imam Sajjad (a.s). he asked him a few
questions. Hazrat (a.s.) replied to all the questions. Than he wanted to ask
some more questions. Hazrat (a.s.) said : It is stated in the Bible that before
obtaining more ilm you should first act on the ilm which you already have. Ilm
without action is the cause of kufr and he strays away from Allah.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
42)In some of the sermons of Amirul
Momeneen (a.s.), it is said that act on your ilm so that you are guided. An Alim
without action is like an ignorant man who never gets out of his ignorance and
is always confused. This type of alim and ignorant man both will be doomed. So
beware do not have doubts otherwise you will become kafir. Don't be lazy about
right and truth otherwise you will be the loser. Right' is that you should
learn ilm and religious ilm is that you should not go astray. Order your
Nafs' to obey Allah, Don't fool' Nafs because it is a sin. One who
obeys Allah' is happy while one who sins is disappointed and unlucky.Abdullah bin Maymun bin Kaddah
has narrated from Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s) that a man asked Holy Prophet
(s.a.w.a.): O prophet of Allah, what is ilm? He (s.a.w.a.) replied : Silence.
Second question: After that? He (s.a.w.a.) replied: To remember'. Again he
asked: After that? The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) replied: Act on it. Last question
! After that? He (s.a.w.a.) replied Propagate, Propagate'.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
48)Haris bin Mugira has narrated
from Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) the explanation of the Ayat Innama
Yakshallah that an Alim is one whose words and deeds complements each
other. Otherwise there will be contradiction between words and action.Son, inculcate the above
mentioned qualities of an Alim in yourself. Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s) has
stated that: Obtain Ilm, decorate yourself with ilm. Behave politely with your
students as well as with your teachers. Beware don't become a tyrant Alim
because this makes right (truth) useless and destroys it.In Sahih-e-habli' Hazrat
Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s) has stated a saying of Amirul Momeneen (a.s.) : I will
give you the sign of a real faqih. A real faqih and religious alim is one who
does not make people lose hope from the blessings of Allah and also does not
make people unmindful about the punishment of Allah; does not give permission to
sin and does not depend on any thing else except the Holy Quran. There is no
goodness in the ilm in which there is no useful lesson and there is no benefit
in it's reading, in which there is nothing to think and ponder. Such prayers
are useless in which there is no fear of Allah.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
36)Muawiyah bin Wahab through
Hazrat Imam Sadiq (a.s) has cited the saying of Amirul Momeneen (a.s.) that: O
seeker of Knowledge! There are three signs of an Alim Ilm', 'Hilm'
(politeness) and Silence', there are three sign of so-called Alims they
fight with their superiors through sin, they suppress those under them by
tyranny and they help tyrants.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
37)At another place, it is stated
that the heart of an alim is devoid of ignorance and treachery.Abu Baseer has said that he had
heard from Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) the saying of Amirul Momeneen (a.s) : "O seeker of knowledge! There are
many blessing of ilm which you should remember. Its head is full of politeness,
its eyes are devoid of jealousy, its ears are understanding, its tongue is
truthfulness, its memory is anxiousness, its heart is good intentions, its
intelligence is understanding of things and deeds, its hands are blessing, its
legs are Ziarat' of alims, its courage is safety, its wisdom is Taqwa',
its center is Najat', its benefit is Aafiyat', its mount is
faithfulness, its weapon is to speak slowly, its word is Reza', its army is
debate and discussion, its wealth is good manners, its collection is to desist
from sin, its food is good deeds, its place of rest is mutual relations, its
argument is righteousness, its companion is love of righteous people.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
42)The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) has
said that the best vazir of Imam is Ilm' and the best vazir of Ilm is Hilm
(politeness) and the best vazir of Hilm is kindness and the best vazir of
kindness is patience.(Usul-e-kafi - 1, p.
48)Son! Beware, if you do not have
knowledge, then don't say anything. Hazrat Imam Sadiq (a.s) told Mufazzal :
Beware of two traits in which there is destruction of man : Religious rituals
through Batil (falsehood) and to give Fatwa' without ilm.It is stated by Hazrat Imam
Muhammad Baqer (a.s) that: Whosoever gives Fatwa' without ilm and guidance,
the angels of mercy and punishment both will curse him and he will be
responsible for deeds of all those who follow his fatwa'.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
42)The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) has
said that one who gives Fatwa' without understanding and knowing Nasikh',
'Mansukh,' Mohkam' and Motashabeh,' will be ruined and he will ruin
others.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
42).Son, remember, if you do not
know anything, then say openly and frankly that you do not know, don't say
Allaho Aalam.' Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) has said that by saying Allaho
Aalam', doubt is created in the mind of the listener that possibly you know
while by saying I do not know,' it becomes clear you are speaking
honestly.(Usul-e-kafi)At another place it is stated
that if an alim does not know a
problem he can say Allaho Aalam' but an ignorant
man has no right to say it (because he is not qualified to do research,
so he should clearly state his ignorance.)(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
42)At one place, it is stated that:
Keep silent and behave with restrain about an order of which you are ignorant.
Ask about it to Saheban-e-Ismat' (Masooms). They will lead you to the right
path, clear the darkness and clarify the truth. Allah has ordered that
whatever you do not know, ask Ahl-e-Zikr', and Alims'.(Sur-e-Namal, Ayat
43)Beware don't act without ilm.
By acting without ilm, man is lead astray. The more he moves forward, the more
he is misled away from right (truth).(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
43)The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) has
stated that one who acts without Ilm spoils the work instead of doing it
properly. Son, keep company of those alims who practice what they preach, love
them. Those who love are counted along with their beloved by Allah. A person who
likes the deed of a community is considered a partner in their deeds.(Tafseer-e-Safi, p.
56)Imam Sadiq (a.s.) told Abu
Hanifa : Become an alim or a seeker of ilm or a friend of ilm.
By becoming an enemy of an alim you will be ruined.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
34)There is a famous tradition from
Imam Sajjad (a.s.) that a person who desires the company of Alims and who is
pious, is dear to Allah.Give 'Ilm' to one who deserves
it. Teaching Is Zakat' of Ilm.Janabe Isa (a.s) said in a
sermon to the people of Bain Israel : Beware don't speak words of wisdom in
front of illiterate people because it is a tyranny on Hikmat'. If you hide
Hikmat' from those who deserve it, then it is a tyranny on them.Son may Allah keep you alive and
give you Tawfiq' to be contended with whatever He gives. Beware learn all
the ilms as much as necessary, spend the rest of the time in learning Fiqh'.
The love of ilm is the secret of Amal' (deed) and Amal' is related to
Fiqh'. It is by Fiqh' that you understand Amr' and Nahi'.
Allah's Ehkam is the best information in this word. It is through Ehkam'
that you can prosper in this world and the hereafter and through it there is the
perfection of humanity.In Ma-abinul Usul', the author
has said very beautifully : Allah has created all things with some purpose. He
has made human being "Ashraful Makhluqat" (best of his creation), so the
purpose behind this must also he Ashraf (best). It is clear that the purpose behind it is definitely not to
harm human beings. Only an illiterate and ignorant can do such a thing. Since
Allah is Alim and Gani, the purpose behind the creation is to benefit him, The
worldly benefit is not the benefit in the real sense. So we conclude that the
real purpose is the benefit of the next worlds. Everyone will not get this
benefit. For this, you ought to
have authority', and you
cannot get "authority" without Amal
(Deed)' and Amal' is derived from Ilm'. so it
is essential to have Ilm for the benefits of the hereafter. There is no
greater ilm than the ilm, which gives you these benefits. Therefore Imam
Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) has said to Aban bin Taghlab that : I wish I could whip my
companions so that they obtain religious education.'(Maalimul Usul-2, p.
21)Ali bin Hamza has cited this
tradition from Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s.) : Learn religious education. One who
does not learn religious ilm is ignorant and
uncouth. Allah has made learning religious education compulsory and made its
propagation absolutely necessary.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
31)Mufazzal bin Umair has cited the
following tradition of Imam
Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s) that: Whosoever does not obtain religious education will not
be blessed on the day of judgment. His Deeds will not considered pure and
sacred.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
33)Ibrahim bin Abdul Hamid has
cited the following from Hazrat Imam Musa-e-Kazim (a.s.) that Mursal-e-Aazam (s.a.w)
entered a mosque and he saw a person surrounded by many people. He asked what
is this? The people said' "He is Allama.' The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.)
asked what do you mean by Allama?' The people replied " he has good
knowledge of Arabian dynasties, history of Arab wars, arabic poetry etc." The
Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) replied : "Beware, this is such a type of ilm which is
neither beneficial nor harmful. There are different types of alims : Mohkam Ayat,
Aadil Fazira and Mustakim sirat. Anything else is superficial. (it means that
Allama is one who is expert in these three ilms, which are called ilms by
shariat. In addition to these, a good poet, a good writer a good thinker, and a
good philosopher cannot be called "Allama" Jawadi)Hazrat Imam Mohammad Baqir (a.s)
has said : The finished achievement of a man is to obtain Religious Ilm',
to be patient during calamity and to search for financial means.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
32)It is stated by hammad through
Hazrat Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (a.s) that when Allah wishes to bless any body He
gives him religious education.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
32)The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) has
said that Aalims are the trustees, followers are the forts and oasis are the
leaders.Son, remember the discussion
about ilm is prayer. Don't neglect it. The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.) has said :
Discuss religious topics, meet each other and talk about it. The hearts shines
by listening to tradition. Heart also gets rusted like a sword. Tradition remove
the rust and sharpen it.(Usul-e-kafi-1, p.
32)Hazrat Imam Mohammad Baqir (a.s)
said : Allah blesses one who keeps alive Ilm. It means that discuss
religious topics with ahle-e-deen and Ahle Taqwa (those who are pious).May Allah guide you to words
religious Ilm and good deeds. If circumstances demand that you do business, if
you don't do it you are liable to incur loss for yourself and there is a
possibility of your committing sins (then definitely do business) but in doing
business don't neglect your religious studies. Spend some time for business
and some time to obtain Ilm. The essence of tradition and experience is that by
running around more, income does not increase nor it decreases by spending some
less time.(Mustadrak Wasaelush
Shia - 2)Beware don't spend your whole
life in business, there by neglecting the procurement of ilm. Doing like this is
like following the habits of animals. As a matter of fact, it is very
unfortunate that man does not understand his responsibilities. His recitation
and Duas are just fluttering of lips which have no meaning.It is appropriate and necessary
that Majlis-e-Husain' (a.s) should be made the basis of life. There is
this world' and hereafter both in it. It has worldly benefit and you also
obtain religious ilm.(Alas, in this age, lectures are
devoid of ilm. Now it is not necessary to have religious ilm for Zikr and
lectures).Be careful that the tongue
remains pure of lies and allegation. Without proper research, don't say
anything in the name of Aeima-e-Masoomeen (a.m.s.). In reciting Masaeeb'
depend on trustworthy tradition. Don't ever think that by reciting more
Masaeeb' there will be more weeping. Wailing and crying happens due to its
effect on the heart and not by creating traditions. The best way to arouse the
feelings is by first reciting the high status and wonderful deeds of Ahle Bayt (a.s)
so that their greatness and personalities are made known, then their calamities
and sufferings should be described. This will have an immediate effect on heart.Beware even after attaining a
high position in Ilm. Don't desire leadership or power, It is like putting
yourself in trouble and destroying your Deen'. I am telling you this from
experience. After becoming a leader, if you keep speaking the bitter truth, then
you will not have peace of mind and people will start abusing you. If you act as
per the wishes of the people, then, you will suffer in the next world.Run away from leadership as if
you are running away from a lion because there is no benefit in a thing, which
keeps you away from Ibadat. In my whole life, I have not come across such a
leader who acts honestly and has not become a victim of public criticism. People
think it fair to attack his wealth and honour. They even consider it legitimate
to abuse him. Not only that, they treat him as Kafir-e-Harbi'.Beware, don't create tools for
leadership nor hatch plots for it. By doing these things, you will bring harm on
yourself and you will be deprived of happiness in this world and your religion
also will be effected. Yes, if leadership comes automatically, then accept it
but be careful about Nafs' every moment of your life because there is
danger of Nafs' (desires) and the possibility of falling prey to your
desires. Advantages are less and disadvantages are more. Those who can save
themselves are few and those who fall from grace are many. There are few
danger spots' for leadings Alims'
which need to be pointed:
