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14.7 How Much Data Is Queued?
There are times when we want to see how much data is queued to be read on a socket, without reading the data. Three techniques are available:
- If the goal is not to block in the kernel because we have something else to do when nothing is ready to be read, nonblocking I/O can be used. We will describe this in Chapter 16.
- If we want to examine the data but still leave it on the receive queue for some other part of our process to read, we can use the MSG_PEEK flag (Figure 14.6). If we want to do this, but we are not sure that something is ready to be read, we can use this flag with a nonblocking socket or combine this flag with the MSG_DONTWAIT flag.Be aware that the amount of data on the receive queue can change between two successive calls to recv for a stream socket. For example, assume we call recv for a TCP socket specifying a buffer length of 1,024 along with the MSG_PEEK flag, and the return value is 100. If we then call recv again, it is possible for more than 100 bytes to be returned (assuming we specify a buffer length greater than 100), because more data can be received by TCP between our two calls.In the case of a UDP socket with a datagram on the receive queue, if we call recvfrom specifying MSG_PEEK, followed by another call without specifying MSG_PEEK, the return values from both calls (the datagram size, its contents, and the sender's address) will be the same, even if more datagrams are added to the socket receive buffer between the two calls. (We are assuming, of course, that some other process is not sharing the same descriptor and reading from this socket at the same time.)
- Some implementations support the FIONREAD command of ioctl. The third argument to ioctl is a pointer to an integer, and the value returned in that integer is the current number of bytes on the socket's receive queue (p. 553 of TCPv2). This value is the total number of bytes queued, which for a UDP socket includes all queued datagrams. Also be aware that the count returned for a UDP socket by Berkeley-derived implementations includes the space required for the socket address structure containing the sender's IP address and port for each datagram (16 bytes for IPv4; 24 bytes for IPv6).
